Session 8 Flashcards
On an xray, what colour is air?
Black
On and xray, what colour are dense areas?
White
How do you go through a chest xray?
A - Airway B - Breathing aka lungs C - Circulation and heart D - Diaphragm E - Everything else including bones
If you see cardiomegaly on an xray, what is it likely to be due to?
Left Ventricular hypertrophy
What causes the Mediastinum to move towards a lung?
That lung has collapsed
The lung has been removed
What causes the Mediastinum to move away from a lung?
That lung has oedema
What causes the Mediatrinum to remain where it is?
Normal
There is consolidation of a lung
How can you tell if there is air loss in the middle lobe of the lung?
The right border of the heart is fuzzy
Where does blood flow through the lungs in heart failure?
Usually would flow to lower lobes more, but in heart failure there is less resistance going to the upper lobes of the lungs due to oedema so takes the path of least resistance
What is the Veil sign?
The lobes collapse, but one lobe with air left in it fills the rest of the space
What can cause cavities in the lung?
Due to infection - TB
Due to cancer
How do metastases look on an xray?
Small dots of solids
What causes pleural plaque calcification?
The patient has been exposed to asbestos
How do Osteolytic metastases look on an xray?
The bone is faded
What can cause air to be under the diaphragm?
Intraperitoneal performation
What is the interstitium of the lung?
The bits between the alveoli and capillaries. Contains collagen and fibroblasts
How is air released in obstructive lung disease?
It is restricted, but proportional to how much the patient breathes out
How is air released in interstitial lung disease?
It is restricted constantly
What would you hear on osculation of a patient with interstitial lung disease?
Crackles (Similar to Velcro)
What are some of the symptoms of interstitial lung disease?
Slow developing dyspnoea Dry, non productive cough Clubbing Tachypnoea Tachycardia
What is bird fanciers lung?
A type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by bird droppings. The lungs become inflamed with granuloma formation.
What is Idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis?
Get pulmonary fibrosis Cough Dyspnoea Clubbing Usually responds poorly to immunosuppression
What can Asbestos do to the lung?
It is a fine needle like particle that is inhaled into the lung and pleura causing many diseases
Have asbestos plaques and diffuse pleural thickening
Pleural effusion
Can cause interstitial lung fibrosis
What drugs can cause interstitial lung disease?
Methotrexate
Amiodare
Nitrofurantoin
Treat by stopping drug and giving steroids
What is interstitial lung disease?
Also known as diffuse parenchymal lung disease.
Refers to a group of lung diseases affecting the interstitium. There is less space for the air to diffuse and chronic interstitial lung disease can lead to pulmonary fibrosis
What systemic disorders can also effect the lungs?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sarcoidosis
What is Hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
Hypersensitivity to an inhaled organic dust
The patient may have crackles
Treat by removing the cause and give steroids or imminosuppressors
What are the 2 layers of the pleura?
Parietal
Visceral
