Session 8

Question 1

On an xray, what colour is air?

Answer 1

Black

Question 2

On and xray, what colour are dense areas?

Answer 2

White

Question 3

How do you go through a chest xray?

Answer 3

A - Airway
B - Breathing aka lungs
C - Circulation and heart
D - Diaphragm
E - Everything else including bones

Question 4

If you see cardiomegaly on an xray, what is it likely to be due to?

Answer 4

Left Ventricular hypertrophy

Question 5

What causes the Mediastinum to move towards a lung?

Answer 5

That lung has collapsed

The lung has been removed

Question 6

What causes the Mediastinum to move away from a lung?

Answer 6

That lung has oedema

Question 7

What causes the Mediatrinum to remain where it is?

Answer 7

Normal

There is consolidation of a lung

Question 8

How can you tell if there is air loss in the middle lobe of the lung?

Answer 8

The right border of the heart is fuzzy

Question 9

Where does blood flow through the lungs in heart failure?

Answer 9

Usually would flow to lower lobes more, but in heart failure there is less resistance going to the upper lobes of the lungs due to oedema so takes the path of least resistance

Question 10

What is the Veil sign?

Answer 10

The lobes collapse, but one lobe with air left in it fills the rest of the space

Question 11

What can cause cavities in the lung?

Answer 11

Due to infection - TB

Due to cancer

Question 12

How do metastases look on an xray?

Answer 12

Small dots of solids

Question 13

What causes pleural plaque calcification?

Answer 13

The patient has been exposed to asbestos

Question 14

How do Osteolytic metastases look on an xray?

Answer 14

The bone is faded

Question 15

What can cause air to be under the diaphragm?

Answer 15

Intraperitoneal performation

Question 16

What is the interstitium of the lung?

Answer 16

The bits between the alveoli and capillaries. Contains collagen and fibroblasts

Question 17

How is air released in obstructive lung disease?

Answer 17

It is restricted, but proportional to how much the patient breathes out

Question 18

How is air released in interstitial lung disease?

Answer 18

It is restricted constantly

Question 19

What would you hear on osculation of a patient with interstitial lung disease?

Answer 19

Crackles (Similar to Velcro)

Question 20

What are some of the symptoms of interstitial lung disease?

Answer 20

Slow developing dyspnoea
Dry, non productive cough
Clubbing
Tachypnoea
Tachycardia

Question 21

What is bird fanciers lung?

Answer 21

A type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by bird droppings. The lungs become inflamed with granuloma formation.

Question 22

What is Idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis?

Answer 22

Get pulmonary fibrosis
Cough
Dyspnoea
Clubbing
Usually responds poorly to immunosuppression

Question 23

What can Asbestos do to the lung?

Answer 23

It is a fine needle like particle that is inhaled into the lung and pleura causing many diseases
Have asbestos plaques and diffuse pleural thickening
Pleural effusion
Can cause interstitial lung fibrosis

Question 24

What drugs can cause interstitial lung disease?

Answer 24

Methotrexate
Amiodare
Nitrofurantoin
Treat by stopping drug and giving steroids

Question 25

What is interstitial lung disease?

Answer 25

Also known as diffuse parenchymal lung disease.
Refers to a group of lung diseases affecting the interstitium. There is less space for the air to diffuse and chronic interstitial lung disease can lead to pulmonary fibrosis

Question 26

What systemic disorders can also effect the lungs?

Answer 26

Rheumatoid arthritis

Sarcoidosis

Question 27

What is Hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

Answer 27

Hypersensitivity to an inhaled organic dust
The patient may have crackles
Treat by removing the cause and give steroids or imminosuppressors

Question 28

What are the 2 layers of the pleura?

Answer 28

Parietal

Visceral