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Respiratory > Session 1 > Flashcards

Session 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

If a given amount of gas is compressed into a smaller volume there will be a rise in pressure due to molecules hitting the wall of the container more often. (Pressure is inversely proportional to volume)

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2
Q

What is Charles’ law?

A

The kinetic energy of molecules increases with temperature and causes a rise in pressure as molecules will hit the wall more often. Pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature

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3
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

The temperature where molecules have no kinetic energy. -273 degrees C or 0 K

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4
Q

What is pressure measured in?

A

KPa (mmHg in CVS only)

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5
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

Due to the fact that each gas exerts a different pressure (as they act independently) in a mixture of gases

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6
Q

How is partial pressure calculated?

A

The fraction of pressure it causes will be the same as the fraction of volume it uses in the mixture

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7
Q

What is the partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere?

A

21.1 KPa

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8
Q

What is water vapour?

A

Gas mixtures in contact with the water cause the water molecules to evaporate (as they are slightly mobile) as they dissolve into the water when they hit the surface

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9
Q

What is vapour pressure?

A

The pressure water molecules exert on the gas when they evaporate

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10
Q

What is saturated vapour pressure?

A

Where there is an equilibrium between water molecules evaporating and gas molecules dissolving.
It is only dependent on temperature.

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11
Q

What is tension?

A

Gas molecules dissolve into the water and exert pressure. Tension is (at equilibrium) the same as the partial pressure of a gas if it was in a gas mixture

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12
Q

How can being at high altitude be dangerous?

A

The bosy always has to have a certain amount of volume for H2O so at high altitudes it replaces other gases (such as O2)

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13
Q

What is gas tension?

A

In liquids it indicates how readily gas will leave the liquid. It is not directly how much gas is in the liquid

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14
Q

How can solubility determine tension?

A

The amount of gas that can enter the liquid is determined by solubility. If a gas is not very soluble, not many gas molecules will ‘stick’ to the liquid. Also, if the gas molecules stick to the water molecules there are less free gas molecules to exert the pressure

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15
Q

What is the total amount of gas in a liquid?

A

Reacted gas + Dissolved gas

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16
Q

What issues with the Larynx can cause respiratory difficulty?

A

Oedema
Anaphylaxis
Tumours

17
Q

What issues with the Pharynx can cause respiratory difficulty?

A

Tongue falling back in unconscious patients

Sleep apnoea

18
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

Respiration
Smell
Local secretions

19
Q

Why is there a high capillary density in the nose?

A

So that the vessels just below the epithelium can warm the air as it enters

20
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid

21
Q

Where are the Frontal sinuses?

A

By the eyebrows

22
Q

Where are the Ethmoid sinuses?

A

By the bridge of the nose

23
Q

Where are the Maxillary sinuses?

A

By the cheeks

24
Q

Where are the Sphenoid sinuses?

A

Deeper, behind the Ethmoid sinuses

25
Q

What is the function of sinuses?

A

Lighten the weight of the skull

Insulates sensitive structures

26
Q

What are the 3 sections of the Pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx - By Nasal cavity
Oropharynx - By oesophagus
Laryngopharynx - By Larynx

27
Q

What connects the Nasopharynx to the middle ear cavity?

A

The Eustachian tube, it is a pressure equaliser can easily get blocked in children

28
Q

What is important about the vocal cords?

A

They can act as a valve to guard the entrance to the trachea in the Larynx. They are open during respiration and closed during swallowing

29
Q

What is the Glottis?

A

The 2 true vocal cords and the aperture between them

30
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the Larynx?

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerve. Hoarness of the voice can be a sign of issues within the chest due to the path of this nerve

31
Q

What is the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

On the right it curves under the subclavian artery

On the left it curves under the arch of the aorta

Respiratory (12 decks)

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