Session 2 Flashcards
What are the sections of the sternum?
Manubrium (manubrio sternal joint = the sternal angle)
Body
Xiphisternum
What are the floating ribs?
They end free in the abdominal muscles
Ribs 11 & 12
What are ribs 1-7 connected to?
The sternum via costal cartilage
What are ribs 8-10 connected to?
The costal cartilage
What are the typical ribs?
3-9
What are the atypical ribs?
1, 2, 10, 11, 12
What runs in the costal groove?
A neurovascular bundle
What are the properties of a typical rib?
2 articulate facets, obvious costal groove
What are the properties of an atypical rib?
Single facet, poorly marked costal groove
What are the 3 intercostal muscles?
External (Superficial)
Internal
Innermost (Deep)
What do the external intercostal muscles aid?
Inspiration - Increase lateral diameter of the thorax
What do the Internal and Innermost intercostal muscles aid?
Expiration (Usually elastic recoil of muscle is enough in restful breathing)
What are the intercostal arteries?
Thoracic Aorta gives rise to Posterior intercostal artery
Internal thoracic artery gives rise to Anterior intercostal artery
What does the intercostal artery supply?
The Anterior and Posterior anastomose to supply the muscles of the space, parietal pleura and overlying skin
What is the arrangement of vessels in the neurovascular bundle in the costal groove?
Vein - Superficial
Artery
Nerve - Deep
What is the venous drainage of the intercostal areas?
Azygos system (drains into the superior vena cava) Some into the internal thoracic vein
What is the main muscle of Inspiration?
The diaphragm
What are the 3 openings of the diaphragm?
T8 for the vena cava
T10 for the oesophagus
T12 for the Aorta
What are some of the accessory muscles to respiration?
Sternocleoidmastoid
Pectoralis major
What does the parietal pleura cover?
Bony thorax
Diaphragm
Mediastinum
What does the visceral pleura cover?
The lungs
Where do the 2 layers meet?
At the Hilum
What is the pleural seal?
The parietal and visceral pleura sit close to each other and the tension between the 2 resists them being pulled apart, pulls lung with it
What innervates the diaphragm? & sensory supply there
C3, C4, C5
What is the Costodiaphragmatic recess?
An extra space inferior to the lung for very deep inspiration
How can you define the lower respiratory tract?
Below the cricoid cartilage
What is the Carina?
Where the trachea divides into 2
Can expand due to enlarged lymph nodes & lung carcinomas
Which Bronchi is shorter? Why is this important?
The right one, it is also more vertical. Important as it is more likely to have foreign bodies stick in it when inhaled
How many lobar bronchi are there on each side?
3 on the right
2 on the left
What is a bronchopulmonary segment?
An area of lung supplied by its own segmental bronchi and segmental branches of the pulmonary artery and vein
How many lobes make the right lung?
3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
How many lobes make the left lung?
2 lobes (superior and inferior)
What fissures are on the right lung?
Horizontal
Oblique
What fissures are on the left lung?
Horizontal only
Where is the phrenic nerve and vagus nerve in relation to the hilum of the lung?
Phrenic infront of
Vagus behind
What are the surface markings of the pleural cavity?
8th rib at the front
10th rib mid axillary line
12th rib posteriorly
What is the surface marking for the oblique fissure?
T2 –> 6th costal cartilage
What is the surface marking for the horizontal fissure?
4th rib and costal cartilage
