Session 7-Thyroid Gland Dysfunction Flashcards
What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?
Thyroglossal duct normally disappears but remnants of epithelium may remain and form cyst
Where is a a thyroglossal duct cysts located?
Always on midline of the neck
True or false: a thyroglossal cyst moves downwards on tongue protrusion
FALSE - moves upwards
What can be used as a screening test for hyper or hypothyroidism and describe the level of this test in each?
TSH level
Decreased TSH in hyper
Increased TSH in hypo
True or false: in general, autoimmune endocrine diseases are more common in women
TRUE
What are the different types of goitre?
Diffuse
Multinodular
Single nodule
When can physiological goitre (normal thyroid function) occur?
- menarche
- pregnancy
- menopause
What are the commonest causes of goitre globally? (2)
1) iodine deficiency
2) multinodular goitre (colloid goitre)
What can a retrosternal multinodular goitre cause?
Tracheal compression
What are the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis?
- tiredness
- nervousness, anxiety
- shaking
- heat intolerance
- increased sweating
- palpitations
- weight loss
- diarrhoea
- amenorrhea
- muscle weakness
What are the signs of thyrotoxicosis?
- weight loss
- warm sweaty hands
- fine hand tremor
- tachycardia
- bounding pulse
- proximal myopathy
- lid lag
- staring eyes
Why can thyrotoxicosis lead to lid lag or staring eyes?
90% of levator palpebrae superioris muscle is skeletal and 10% is smooth. Smooth muscle portion is supplied by sympathetic nervous system and over stimulation of this leads to staring eyes and lid lag
How can thyrotoxicosis be treated?
- carbimazole
- thyroidectomy
- radioactive iodine
Which thyroid abnormalities lead to metabolic dysfunction and goitre?
- Graves’ disease
- Toxic multinodular goitre
- Toxic adenoma
- Some with Hashimoto’s disease
