Session 7 - The Shoulder

Question 1

What is the shoulder joint known as?

Answer 1

The glenohumeral joint

Question 2

What are the joints between

• the sternum and the clavicle
• the scapula and the clavicle
• the scapula and the thoracic wall

Called?

Answer 2

Sternum and clavicle = sternoclavicular joint

Scapula and clavicle = acromioclavicular joint

Scapula and thoracic wall = scapulothoracic joint

Question 3

What are the three glenohumeral ligaments and what do they act to do?

Answer 3

Superior GHL
Middle GHL
Inferior GHL

Act to reduce the risk of anterior dislocation (the most common direction of dislocation).

Question 4

What Does the transverse humeral ligament do?

Answer 4

Creates A tunnel between the greater and lesser tuberosity of the humeral to allow passage of the long head of biceps

Question 5

What does the coraco acromial ligament do?

Answer 5

Provides a roof to the tunnel above the glenohumeral joint that allows passage of the supraspinatus tendon

Prevents superior dislocation of the humerus when a person falls on their outstretched hand

Question 6

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 6

Four muscles, all originate from the scapula and insert into the greater or lesser tuberosity of the humerus.

Superspinatus (abduction) - suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus (external rotates) - suprascapular nerve

Teres minor (external rotates) - axillary nerve

Subscapularis (internal rotates) - upper and lover subscapular nerves

All C5-C6

Question 7

What bursae are important at the Shoulder?

Answer 7

Subacromial bursa = lies under the acromion, separates the supraspinatus tendon from the overlying coraco acromial ligament, the acromion, the coracoid process and from the deep surface of the deltoid muscle.

Subscapular bursa = located between the tendon of the subscapularis muscle as it passes inferior to the root of the coracoid process and over the neck of the scapula.

Question 8

What’s the subacromial space and what can be found here?

Answer 8

Between the coraco acromial arch and the head of the humerus.
Packed into this space are:

• subacromial bursa
• supraspinatus tendon
• joint capsule
• long head of biceps

Therefore, during abduction, there is the potential for impingement of these soft tissues, leading to irritation and inflammation.

Question 9

What muscles carry of abduction?

Answer 9

First 90 degrees at glenohumeral joint

• 0-15 is supraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)
• 15-90 is carried out by deltoid (axillary nerve)

Above 90 degrees, abduction accounts at the scapulothoracic joint through rotation of the scapula. Muscles responsible = trapezius and seratus. anterior

Question 10

What muscles adduct the shoulder?

Answer 10

Carried out by

Pectoralis minor (medial/lateral pectoral nerves)

Latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve)

Teres major (lower subscapular nerve)

Question 11

What muscles flex the shoulder?

Answer 11

Anterior deltoid fibres (axillary nerve)

Clavicular head of pec major (medial/lateral pectoral nerves)

Coracobrachialis (musculocutaneous nerve)

Biceps brachial (musculocutaneous nerve)

Question 12

What carried out extension of The shoulder?

Answer 12

Posterior fibres of deltoid (axillary)

Latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve)

Teres major (lower subscapular nerve)