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MSK * > 4.2 - The Knee Structure > Flashcards

4.2 - The Knee Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ridges on the back of the femur called?

A

Linea aspera

Proximally, medial boarder becomes the pectineal line and the lateral border becomes the gluteal tuberosity.

Distally, get medial and lateral supracondular line.

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2
Q

Where is the intercondylar fossa on the femur?

A

Posteriorly

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3
Q

What makes up the patellofemoral groove?

A

The anterior surface of the femoral condyle and the patella

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4
Q

How is the patella joint to the tibia?

A

Apex f patella is connected to tibial tuberosity by patella ligament

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5
Q

Where does the quadriceps tendon attach?

A

The base of the patella

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6
Q

What are the two main functions of the patella?

A

Leg extension

Protection

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7
Q

How does the patella articulate with the femur?

A

Lateral facet articulates with lateral condyle
Medial facet articulates with medial condyle

Facets are on posterior surface of patella

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8
Q

What does the tibial plateau articulate with?

A

The femoral condyle to form the major articulation of the knee joint

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9
Q

What’s the intracondylar eminence?

A

Posterior, below the tibial plateau between the two condyles

Main site for attachment of ligaments and menisci of the knee

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10
Q

Where does the patella ligament attach?

A

The tibial tuberosity

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11
Q

What’s the medial malleolus?

A

Bony projection on medial side that articulates with tarsal bones to form ankle Joint

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12
Q

What are the articulation of the fibula?

A

Proximal tibiofibular joint - lateral condyle of tibia

Distal tibiofibular joint - articulates with fibular notch of tibia

Ankle joint - articulates with talus o the bone

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13
Q

Where is the common fibular nerve found on the fibular?

A

Posterior and lateral surfaces of the fibular neck

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14
Q

What is the weight bearing joint of the knee?

A

Tibiofemoral

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15
Q

What’s the main extensor the the knee?

A

Quadriceps femoris (inserts directly over knee)

Patella minimises wear and tear of the tendon, being formed inside the quad femoris

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16
Q

What are the purpose of menisci?

A

To deepen the articular surface of the tibia = increased stability of joint

To act as shock absorbers

They attach to the intracondylar area of the tibia

17
Q

What is the medial meniscus fixed to?

A

The tibial collateral ligament and the joint capsule

Any damage to the tibial collateral ligament results in tearing of the medial meniscus

18
Q

What are the 4 bursae of the Knee joint?

A

Suprapatella
Infrapatella
Prepatella
Semimembranous

REMEMBER SIPS

19
Q

What are the anterior thigh muscles?

A 
Psoas major
Illiacus 
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Sartorious 
Pectineus
20
Q

Where does he iliopsoas attach, what are its actions and whats its innervated by?

A

Attachment
Psoas major = lumbar vertebrae
Illiacus = illiacus fossa of pelvis
Then go to lesser trochanter of femur

Actions
Flexes the lower limb and helps with lateral rotation

Innervation
Illiacus = femoral nerve
Psoas major = L1-3

21
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris and what do they collectively do?

A

The main extensor of the knee (and stabilises patella)
All innervated by the femoral nerve

Consist of
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
22
Q

Where does the vastus lateralis attach?

A

Greater trochanter to the lateral lip of the linea aspera

23
Q

Where does the vastus medialis attach?

A

The intertrochanteric line and the medial lip of the linea aspera

24
Q

Where does the rectus femoris attach and what does it do?

A

From the ilium, superior to the acetabulum and attaches to the patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon

Extends knee but also flexes thigh at hip joint

25
Q

Where does sartorious attach, what does it do and whats its innervation?

A

Originates from anterior superior iliac spine and attaches to the superior medial surface of the tibia

It’s a flexor of the hip and knee, and abducts + laterally rotates

Innervated by Femoral nerve

26
Q

Where does pectineus attach, what does it do and whats its innervation?

A

Attaches
Pectineal line on pelvis
Attaches to pectineal line on posterior side of femur, just below lesser trochanter

Actions
Addiction and flexion at the hip joint

Innervation
Femoral nerve

27
Q

What are the medial thigh muscles and what do they do collectively?

A 
5 muscles
Obtruator externus
Adductor brevis 
Adductor longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracillus

All adductor the hip
Innervated by obturator nerve and arterial supply is obturator artery.

28
Q

Where des the adductor Magnus attach?

A

Inferior rami of pubis and attaches to the linea aspera of the femur

Hamstring portion goes from ischial tuberosity to the adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of the femur

29
Q

Where does adductor longus attach to and what does it do?

A

Originates from pubis and attaches broadly to linea aspera of femur

Adductor of hip and medial rotator of thigh

30
Q

Where does adductor brevis attach?

A

Lies below adductor longus

Attaches from body of pubis and inferior pubic rami to linea aspera of femur

31
Q

Where does obturator externus attach?

A

Originates from membrane of obturator foramen and attaches to posterior aspect of greater trochanter

32
Q

Where does gracillus attach and what does it do?

A

Attaches from inferior rami of pubis and attaches to medial surface of the tibia

Adducts thigh at hip and flexes the knee

33
Q

What are the boarders of the femoral triangle, the contents and whats the roof and Floor?

A

Boarders

Superior - inguinal ligament
Lateral - sartorious
Medial - adductor longus

Roof = fascia latae
Floor = iliopsoas, pectineus and adductor longus

Contents

  • femoral nerve
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein
  • femoral canal (lymph)
  • empty space

All contained in a femoral sheath

NAVEL - from lateral to medial

34
Q

So, what are the hip flexors?

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorious

35
Q

What extends the knee?

A

Quadriceps femoris

  • vastus medialis
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus indermedius
  • rectus femoris

MSK * (9 decks)

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