4.2 - The Knee Structure

Question 1

What are the ridges on the back of the femur called?

Answer 1

Linea aspera

Proximally, medial boarder becomes the pectineal line and the lateral border becomes the gluteal tuberosity.

Distally, get medial and lateral supracondular line.

Question 2

Where is the intercondylar fossa on the femur?

Answer 2

Posteriorly

Question 3

What makes up the patellofemoral groove?

Answer 3

The anterior surface of the femoral condyle and the patella

Question 4

How is the patella joint to the tibia?

Answer 4

Apex f patella is connected to tibial tuberosity by patella ligament

Question 5

Where does the quadriceps tendon attach?

Answer 5

The base of the patella

Question 6

What are the two main functions of the patella?

Answer 6

Leg extension

Protection

Question 7

How does the patella articulate with the femur?

Answer 7

Lateral facet articulates with lateral condyle
Medial facet articulates with medial condyle

Facets are on posterior surface of patella

Question 8

What does the tibial plateau articulate with?

Answer 8

The femoral condyle to form the major articulation of the knee joint

Question 9

What’s the intracondylar eminence?

Answer 9

Posterior, below the tibial plateau between the two condyles

Main site for attachment of ligaments and menisci of the knee

Question 10

Where does the patella ligament attach?

Answer 10

The tibial tuberosity

Question 11

What’s the medial malleolus?

Answer 11

Bony projection on medial side that articulates with tarsal bones to form ankle Joint

Question 12

What are the articulation of the fibula?

Answer 12

Proximal tibiofibular joint - lateral condyle of tibia

Distal tibiofibular joint - articulates with fibular notch of tibia

Ankle joint - articulates with talus o the bone

Question 13

Where is the common fibular nerve found on the fibular?

Answer 13

Posterior and lateral surfaces of the fibular neck

Question 14

What is the weight bearing joint of the knee?

Answer 14

Tibiofemoral

Question 15

What’s the main extensor the the knee?

Answer 15

Quadriceps femoris (inserts directly over knee)

Patella minimises wear and tear of the tendon, being formed inside the quad femoris

Question 16

What are the purpose of menisci?

Answer 16

To deepen the articular surface of the tibia = increased stability of joint

To act as shock absorbers

They attach to the intracondylar area of the tibia

Question 17

What is the medial meniscus fixed to?

Answer 17

The tibial collateral ligament and the joint capsule

Any damage to the tibial collateral ligament results in tearing of the medial meniscus

Question 18

What are the 4 bursae of the Knee joint?

Answer 18

Suprapatella
Infrapatella
Prepatella
Semimembranous

REMEMBER SIPS

Question 19

What are the anterior thigh muscles?

Answer 19

Psoas major
Illiacus 
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Sartorious 
Pectineus

Question 20

Where does he iliopsoas attach, what are its actions and whats its innervated by?

Answer 20

Attachment
Psoas major = lumbar vertebrae
Illiacus = illiacus fossa of pelvis
Then go to lesser trochanter of femur

Actions
Flexes the lower limb and helps with lateral rotation

Innervation
Illiacus = femoral nerve
Psoas major = L1-3

Question 21

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris and what do they collectively do?

Answer 21

The main extensor of the knee (and stabilises patella)
All innervated by the femoral nerve

Consist of
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius

Question 22

Where does the vastus lateralis attach?

Answer 22

Greater trochanter to the lateral lip of the linea aspera

Question 23

Where does the vastus medialis attach?

Answer 23

The intertrochanteric line and the medial lip of the linea aspera

Question 24

Where does the rectus femoris attach and what does it do?

Answer 24

From the ilium, superior to the acetabulum and attaches to the patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon

Extends knee but also flexes thigh at hip joint

Question 25

Where does sartorious attach, what does it do and whats its innervation?

Answer 25

Originates from anterior superior iliac spine and attaches to the superior medial surface of the tibia It’s a flexor of the hip and knee, and abducts + laterally rotates Innervated by Femoral nerve

Question 26

Where does pectineus attach, what does it do and whats its innervation?

Answer 26

Attaches Pectineal line on pelvis Attaches to pectineal line on posterior side of femur, just below lesser trochanter Actions Addiction and flexion at the hip joint Innervation Femoral nerve

Question 27

What are the medial thigh muscles and what do they do collectively?

Answer 27

``` 5 muscles Obtruator externus Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor Magnus Gracillus ``` All adductor the hip Innervated by obturator nerve and arterial supply is obturator artery.

Question 28

Where des the adductor Magnus attach?

Answer 28

Inferior rami of pubis and attaches to the linea aspera of the femur Hamstring portion goes from ischial tuberosity to the adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of the femur

Question 29

Where does adductor longus attach to and what does it do?

Answer 29

Originates from pubis and attaches broadly to linea aspera of femur Adductor of hip and medial rotator of thigh

Question 30

Where does adductor brevis attach?

Answer 30

Lies below adductor longus Attaches from body of pubis and inferior pubic rami to linea aspera of femur

Question 31

Where does obturator externus attach?

Answer 31

Originates from membrane of obturator foramen and attaches to posterior aspect of greater trochanter

Question 32

Where does gracillus attach and what does it do?

Answer 32

Attaches from inferior rami of pubis and attaches to medial surface of the tibia Adducts thigh at hip and flexes the knee

Question 33

What are the boarders of the femoral triangle, the contents and whats the roof and Floor?

Answer 33

Boarders Superior - inguinal ligament Lateral - sartorious Medial - adductor longus ``` Roof = fascia latae Floor = iliopsoas, pectineus and adductor longus ``` Contents - femoral nerve - femoral artery - femoral vein - femoral canal (lymph) - empty space All contained in a femoral sheath NAVEL - from lateral to medial

Question 34

So, what are the hip flexors?

Answer 34

Pectineus Iliopsoas Sartorious

Question 35

What extends the knee?

Answer 35

Quadriceps femoris - vastus medialis - vastus lateralis - vastus indermedius - rectus femoris