3.1 - Hip Joint Flashcards
What 3 bones fuse to form the hipbone?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Begin to fuse 15-17 years, complete by 20-25.
What’s the acetabulum?
Socket of joint
Where hip bones converge
Margin of acetabulum is complete inferior
What is the acetabular labrum?
Fibrocartilogenous rim attached to margin of acetabulum
Increases articular contact area
Transverse acetabular ligament strengthens inferior portion of acetabulum (where the notch is)
What is the joint capsule of the hip bone?
A capsule of fibres that take a spiral course
Attach at the intertrochanteric line anteriory
Lateral part of the neck is extra capsular posteriorly
What ligaments strengthen the joint capsule?
Iliofemoral
- anterior
- Y shaped
- bodies strongest ligament
- prevents hyperextension
Pubofemoral
- anterior
- prevents over abduction
Ischiofemoral
- weakest of all three
- limits extension
- posterior
What are the hip flexors?
Iliopsoas (illiacus and psoas major, two muscles, common insertion)
Rectus femoris
Sartorious
SIR
They all cross the hip joint
What are the hip adductors?
Adductors
- Magnus
- brevis
- longus
Pectineus
Gracious
Obturator externus
What are the hip extensions?
Gluteus maximums
Long head of biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Located posteriorly
What are the hip abductors?
Gluteus medium
Gluteus minimums
Tensor fasciae latae
What are the lateral rotators?
Piriformis Superior gemellus Obtrurator internus Inferior gemellus Quadratus femoris
What’s the nerve supply?
Femoral nerve - anterior
Obtruator nerve - inferior
Superior gluteal nerve = superior
Nerve to quadratus femoris = posterior
What are the sources of blood supply?
Major = deep femoral artery
- medial circumflex femoral access for neck
- lateral circumflex femoral artery has to pierce more fibrous cartilage to excess
In adults, also have obturator artery via ligament of head of femur
What is the issue with blood supply to the head of the femur?
Blood supply from ligament is often not adequate if only supply
If you get a femoral neck injury you can tear retinacula arteries
Result can be Avascular necrosis of femoral head
What is the effect of superior gluteal nerve damage?
- supplies hip abduction
- damage to SGN leads to weakened abduction and changes to stance phase of gait cycle = trendelenbergs sign (pelvis droops on the unaffected side - sign is contralateral)
