Session 7 - The Nose Flashcards
What two main parts is the nose divided into?
External and internal
What are the two main tissues which make up the external nose?
Bony and cartaliginous parts
What are the three main bony parts of the nose?
Nasal Bones
Maxillae frontal processes
Frontal Bone (nasal part and nasal spine)
What are the three main cartilages of the nose?
2 Lateral cartilages
2 Alar cartilages
1 Septal cartilage
What is anterior portion of the nasal septum made up of?
Cartilage
What is the middle portin of the nasal septum made up from?
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
What is the posterior portion of the nasal septum made up of?
The vomer
What separates the nasal and oral cavities?
The hard palate, made up of the palatine and maxillary bones
Give a complication of nasal fracture
Septal haematoma
What are the main dividing part of the nasal cavity?
The nasal conchae
How many passages do the nasal conchae create in the nasal cavity?
5 passages
What are the three conchae of the nose?
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What is the inferior conchae formed by?
The inferior concha bone
What are the middle and superior conchae derived from?
The medial processes of the ethmoid bone
What lies beneath each conchae?
A nasal meatus
What is the recess which lies superoposterior to the sphenoidal conchae
The sphenoethmoidal recess receives the opening of the sphenoidal sinus
Where does olfaction take place in the nose?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Lining epithelium of mucus membrane modified for olfaction
Outline the journey of axonal processes of olfaction to the brain
o Axonal processes of the olfactory cell pass through the cribriform plate and penetrate the meninges before entering the olfactory bulb
Give four main openings of the nasal cavity
Cribiform plate
Sphenopalatine forament
Incisive foramen
Foramen cecum
What runs through cribiform plate?
Olfactory nerve
What does fracture of the cribiform plate cause?
CSF leakage and anosmia
Where is the main blood supply to the nasal cavity?
o Branches of the Opthalmic Artery
Branch of the Internal Carotid Artery
o Branches of the Maxillary and Facial Arteries
Branches of the External Carotid Artery
What is the area of the nose with the densest block of capillaries called?
Kiesselbach’s area
Where do nose bleeds most often occur?
Kiesselbach’s area
What are twodifferent places nose bleeds can occur, and what are the percentage chance of it happening in each place?
Anterior bleed - 90%
Posterior bleed - 10%
What artery is responsible for posterior bleeds?
Sphenopalatine artery
Where do the veins of the nasal cavity drain into?
Cavernous sinus
Facial vein
Pteryoid plexus
What provides special sensory smell in the nose?
Olfactory nerve
What provides general sensation to the posteroinferior nasal mucosa?
Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V2)
Nasopalatine Nerve
What provides general sensation to anterosuperior nasal mucosa
Opthalmic Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V1)
Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal Nerves
What provides general sensation to the external nose?
External Nasal Nose (CN V1)
Infraorbital Nerve (CN V2)
What is the epithelium of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells
What is the epithelium of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?
Olfactory cells with olfactory receptors
What are the paranasal sinuses?
air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into cranial bones
What are the names of the four paranasal sinuses?
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxilla
Where are the frontal sinuses found?
between the outer and inner tables of the frontal bone, posterior to the superciliary arches and the root of the nose
When are the frontal sinuses usually detectable?
By age of 7 years in children
Where do the frontal sinuses drain?
They each drain through a Frontonasal Duct into the ethmoidal infundibulum, which opens into the semilunar hiatus of the Middle Nasal Recess.
What are the ethmodal sinuses?
Small invaginations of the mucous membrane of the middle and superior nasal recesses into the Ethmoid bone
What are the three ethomoidal sinuses?
Anterior ethmoidal cells
Middle ethmoidal cells
Posterior ethmoidal cells
Where do anterior ethmoidal cells drain?
Ethmoidal infundibulum -> Middle nasal recess
Where do the middle ethmoidal cells open into?
Middle nasal recess directly
Where do the posterior ethmoidal cells open?
Directly intot he superior nasal recess
Where are the sphenoidal sinuses located?
Body and wings of the sphenoid
What is the clinical significance of the location of hte sphenoidal sinus?
Body is fragile and only thin plates of bone separate the sinuses from important structures (optic nerves and chiasm, pituitary and internal carotid arteries)
Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Where are the maxillary sinuses found?
Bodies of the maxillae
Where do the maxillary sinuses drain?
The Maxillary Sinuses are the largest of the paranasal sinuses. They occupy the bodies of the Maxillae.
They drain by one or more openings, the Maxillary Ostium (ostia), into the middle nasal recess by way of the semilunar hiatus.
