Session 1 - Group work Flashcards
What is meant by the term fascia?
Undifferentiated tissues of mesenchymal origins
Give two types of fascia found in the neck?
Organised and loose fascia
Organised further broken down into
- Superficial fascia
- Deep fascia
Why is knowledge of ther fascia of the head and neck of clincial importnace?
Understanding how infections and metasteses might spread from one site to another
Why is it useful to view the neck as territories of triangles?
It allows for an organised for on the anatomical layout of tissues of the neck
How might the SCM be damaged in babies?
Forceps delivery may compress and tear SCM
How does someone with SCM damage present?
Neck tilted towards affected side, head rotated away
What is the presentation of someone with SCM known as?
Torticolis
What is the motor innervation of the SCM?
Accessory nerve
What is the viscerocranium?
Part of the skull which arises from the facial skelton
Arises from brachial arches.
What is the neurocranium?
Made up of the skull base and the calvaria
What is the blood supply to the neurocranium?
Internal carotid artery
What is the main blood supply to the viscerocranium?
External carotid artery
How is the neonatal skeleton different from the adult?
Open sutures and fontalle allows moulding during birth
Bony proportions different
Alveolar processes and paranasal sinuses smaller at birth
What is the name for the non-fusion of the front bones?
Metopic suture
What are two possible complication of a small foetal mastoid process?
Facial nerve is exposed when it exists stylomastoid foramen, which means it is more likely to be injured during a forceps delivery.
More susceptible to glue ear
What is the antrum of the facial skelton?
The maxillary sinus
What is pagets disease?
Ostetis deformans
Causes rapid, irregular and exaggerated seroption and replacement of bone, causing thickening, swelling and increased vascularity.
Jaw and skull slowly enlarge, teeth become displaced.
Why might a fracture of the lower mandible cause numbness of the lower lip?
May involve the inferior alveolar nerve that lies within the bone.
What is the ligamentum nuchae?
Found in the cervical region and is a continuation of the interspinous and supraspinous lifaments of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Main funciton is to preserve the normal curvature of the cervical spine
Why are cervical vertebrae prone to dislocation in whiplash injuries?
Have an almost horizontal alignment of articular facets, so not very well supported.
Why might posterior prolapse of intervertebral discs between C2 and C3 be fatal?
Prolapse may cause pressure on the spinal cord above the phrenic nerve outflow of C3, C4 and C5
How would you aspirate a subdural haematoma from a small baby?
By using the anterior fontanelle which is open until 2 years after birth.
Will pierce the dura mater and enter the subdural layer where the haemtoma is situated
Which are the most important muscles of facial expression?
Sphincters of the face (obicularis oris and two obiculares oculi).
Which nerve provides sensory innervation for the face and the neck?
The sensory innervation of the face comes from the cervical nerves and from the cervical plexus
Cutaneous distribution of the trigeminal nerve
How could a parotid tumour cause facial weakness?
Facial nerve in parotid compressed..
Supplies platysma, muscles of facial expression, muscles of the cheek, muscles of the ear and muscles of the scalp.
Why would a trumpet player with damaged facial nerves have trouble playing?
Buccinator affected, which makes blowing a wind instrument difficult
What is an extradural haematoma?
Separation of the periosteal layer of the dura mater from the cranium, creates a space into which blood from a torn middle meningeal vessel accumulates giving rise to an extradural haematoma
Which blood vessel would most likely be torn in a cranial fracture?
Middle meningeal artery
How do the middle meningeal arteries enter the cranial cavity?
Foramen spinosum
What type of fracture could have causes an extradural haematoma through the severing of blood vessels?
Depression fracture
