Session 3 - TMJ

Question 1

What three muscles are found in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 1

Inferior part of temporalis

Medial and lateral ptergoid

Question 2

What three arteries are found in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 2

Maxillary artery
Middle meningeal artery
Superficial temporal artery

Question 3

What three veins are found in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 3

Maxillary vein
Middle meningeal vein
Pterygoid venous plexus

Question 4

What 7 nerves are found in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 4

Mandibular nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve 
Lingual nerve
Buccal nerve
Chorda tympani
Otic ganglion

Question 5

Give five openings that are found in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 5

Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Alveolar canal
Inferior orbital fissure
Pterygomaxillary fissure

Question 6

Outline a mandibular nerve block

Answer 6

Anaesthetic injected near foramen ovale to block mandibular nerve

Question 7

Name four nerves which are also affected in mandibular nerve block

Answer 7

Inferior alveolar
Lingual
Buccal
Auriculotemporal

Question 8

Outline an inferior alveolar nerve block

Answer 8

Anaesthetic injected around mandibular foramen, from which the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels protrude

Question 9

What is aneasthatised in a inferior alveolar nerve block?

Answer 9

All mandibular teeth are aneathetised on medial side
Skin and mucous membrane of lower lip
Labial alveolar mucosa
Gingivae 
Skin

Question 10

Why do you often lose sensation in the anterior 2/3 of your tongue during an inferior alveolar nerve block?

Answer 10

Lingual nerve often involved

Question 11

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 11

Modified hinge type synovial join between mandible and cranium

Question 12

What are the two superior articular surfaces of the TMJ?

Answer 12

Mandibular fossa

Articular tubercle

Question 13

What is the inferior articular surface of the TMJ?

Answer 13

Head of the mandible

Question 14

What cushions the TMJ?

Answer 14

The articular disc, a fibrocartilage structure, which creates two separate compartments - the superior and inferior articular cavities

Question 15

What are the two main movement types of the TMJ?

Answer 15

Gliding (superior joint cavity used)

Hinge (inferior joint cavity)

Question 16

What muscles are involved in flexion of the TMJ, and what compartment does this movement occur

Answer 16

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

Inferior

Question 17

What muscles are involved in extension of the TMJ, and what compartment does this movement occur

Answer 17

Lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid, infrahyoid

Inferior

Question 18

What muscles are involved in gliding of the TMJ, and what compartment does this movement occur

Answer 18

Protrusion - Lateral pterygoid, medial ptergoid, masseter
Retrusion - Temporalis, masseter
Superior compartment

Question 19

In what compartment does rotation of the TMJ occur?

Answer 19

Inferior

Question 20

Name the ligaments of the TMJ

Answer 20

Temporomandibular ligament (x1) - Deep fibres blend with joint capsule
Sphenomandibular ligament (x2)
Stylomandibular ligament

Question 21

When is the TMJ most stable?

Answer 21

Mandibular condyle is in contact with the mandibular fossa

Teeth in occlussal contact

Question 22

How does dislocation of the TMJ occur?

Answer 22

Sometimes during yawning or taking a large bite. Sideways blow to chin when mouth open.
Excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoids to dislocate anteriorly
Mouth remains depressed

Question 23

What is bruxism?

Answer 23

Grinding teeth when asleep

Question 24

What is TPDD?

Answer 24

Temporomandibular Pain Dysfunction Disorders

Muscular pain

Question 25

What is a mal-occlusion syndrome?

Answer 25

Muscular pain?