Session 7 - Blood Borne Infections Flashcards
Which enzyme does HIV have that allows it to use RNA as its genetic material?
Reverse Transcritpase
Which specific cells does HIV replicate inside of?
CD4 T-cells
Give some signs and symptoms of acute HIV infection
- fever + weight loss
- rash
- myalgia
- nausea + vomiting
- enlarge spleen and liver
What conditions are associated with HIV?
- Meningitis
- TB
- Hear disease and strokes
- Osteoporosis
- Cold sores and ulcers
How can HIV be transmitted?
- Sexual transmission: Vaginal, oral or anal
- Sharing injecting equipment
- vertical transmission
- Medical procedures: blood products, skin grafts, organ donation
What factors may affect the transmission of HIV?
- Type of exposure
- Viral Level
- Other STI’s
- Condom use
- if there are breaks in the skin of mucosa
Give some blood tests which are used to diagnose HIV.
What are the issues associated with each type
- HIV antigen or antibody
Only +ve if infected for 4-6 weeks, hence potential false -ves - Rapid blood tests
May get false +ves, very accurate for negatives. If positive needs confirmation
At one incidence should everybody in a population be tested for HIV?
> 2/1000
All people with which conditions should be tested for HIV?
- Bacterial pneumonia or TB
- Aseptic Meningitis
- Anal Cancer
- STI’s, Hep B + C
What are the aims of HIV treatment?
- Make HIV viral load undetectable
- Reconstitute immune system
- Give a good quality of life with good lifespan
- Reduce the risk of transmission
How many drugs should be prescribed simultaneously for HIV?
3
Give the different types of drugs we give for HIV.
- Non / nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
- Entry inhibitors
How is Hep B transmitted?
- vertical transmission
- IV drug users
- Sexual contact
- Long term close household contacts
- HCP via needle stick injuries
Give some symptoms of Hep B.
- Jaundice
- Fatigue
- Ab pain
- Anorexia, nausea + vomiting
- Arthralgia
If someone has had a past cleared infection what will their serology findings be?
- No surface antigen
- Will have core antibody (IgG)
- Will have surface antibody
