Session 5 BV and Heart Flashcards
this is a complex precess that cause s the bleeding process to stop
hemostasis (most of the time this includes the changing of blood from the fluid to solid state)
which hemostasis is of major importance in stopping blood loss from capillaries, small arterioles and venules?
primary
what is known to stabilize the platelet mass to yield a hemostatic plug?
fibrin
which process is known to include the actual blood coagulation?
secondary hemostasis
which process is known to include the formation of the platelet plug? (primary or secondary hemostasis)
primary
what number coag factor is fibrinogen?
1
what number coag factor are calcium ions?
4
what number coag factor is hagemen factor?
12
the release of prostacyclin and also NO by endothelial cells regulate the clotting process by doing what?
inhibiting platelet aggregation
what is the major difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?
ath. refers directly to hardening of the artery due to plaque - arterio mainly refers to the arterioles hardening.
what is considered to be an early stage of atherosclerotic lesions?
fatty streaks which are composed of foamy macrophages
this type of HTN indicates that no specific medical cause can be found to explain the patient’s condition. about what percentage of HTN is of this type?
95% primary htn
this type of htn indicates that the high BP is a result of another condition such as kidney disease or tumors
secondary
which aneurysms are the common variety in the ascending aorta?
syphilitic
where will you commonly find berry aneurysms?
circle of willis in the base of the brain
what type of aneurysm can occur almost anywhere that bacteria can deposit on vessel walls?
mycotic
in which part of the heart does myocardial ischemia tend to appear first and is the most extensive?
sub-endocardial region as this is the deepest and farthest from the blood supply.
which cholesterol is polyunsatturated?
good cholesterol (HDL)
what is known as an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart?
endocarditis
this is an incomplete separation of the aortic and pulmonic outflows, along with VSD, which allows the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and a right to left shunt that develops
truncus arteriosus
regarding coarctation of the aorta when the narrowing of the lumen is just proximal to the ductus is this the adult or infantile form? which is the other?
proximal is infantile and distal is adult - both lead to outflow obstruction
this condition is one in which the pulmonary veins do not directly connect to the left atrium, but drain into the left innominate vein, coronary sinus, or some other site leading to possible mixing of blood and right sided overload.
total anomalous pulmonary venous return
in ASD and VSD when the problem is on the R side of the heart, what is the pulmonary flow as compared to the c/o to the aorta?
pulmonary flow > aorta
when you have a PDA what is the pulmonary flow as compared to the blood flow to the aorat and the systemic flow?
pulmonary flow = blood to aorta > systemic flow
what is the normal oxygen content in ml% ti to the following? RA? RV? PA? PV?
14, 14, 14, 20
what is the affect of oxygen content in each of the following for each of the following? RA, RV, PA, PV? ASD, VSD, PDA
increase (x3) and remain same (ASD)
remain same, inc, incre, and remain same (VSD)
remain same (x2) increase and remain same (PDA)
what is generally the cause of myocarditis (inflammation of the myocardium)?
infection (viral or bacterial)
when the lungs fail, what happens to the BV in the lung?
they constrict (this is initially protective) but eventually it puts too much load on the R side of the heart
