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Pathology > Session 3 - Wound Healing > Flashcards

Session 3 - Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

this is the process by which the cells in the body regenerate and repair to reduce the size of a damaged or necrotic area

A

healing

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2
Q

what are the two processes involved in healing?

A

removal of necrotic tissue (demolition) and the replacement of this tissue; remove and replace

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3
Q

what is defined as the process by which necrotic cells are replaced by the same tissue as was originally there?

A

regeneration

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4
Q

what is the process by which injured tissue is replaced with scar tissue?

A

repair

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5
Q

T or F: most often.healing proceeds through collagen deposition or scarring (fibrosis).

A

TRUE

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6
Q

T or F: tissue regeneration is favored when the matrix composition and architecture are unaltered

A

TRUE

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7
Q

T or F: wounds that do NOT heal may relfect damage to the tissue architecture by reduced protease activity, decreased matrix accumulation, or altered matrix assembly.

A

FALSE: all are true except that it’s EXCESS protease activity; remember, when you have fibrosis or scarring is when there is reduced protease activity and increased matrix accumulation

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8
Q

what is released by platelets that help to facilitate repair?

A

platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)

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9
Q

what is released from mast cells which help to promote BV formation?

A

heparin

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10
Q

what are the 3 phases of wound healing?

A
  1. inflammatory phase 2. proliferative phase 3. remodeling phase
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11
Q

what happens to platelets after they are exposed to endothelial damage? (think of the steps taken to limit blood loss)

A

aggregate, add fibrin, form a thrombus.

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12
Q

in which stage of wound healing is there a release of chemical factors such as growth hormones?

A

inflammatory phase

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13
Q

the permeability of post-capillary venules increases due to ____ cells contracting while the ____ junctions retract. these factors allow for “inflammatory edema”

A

endothelial; inter-cells

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14
Q

at first, the fluid in “inflammatory edema” is considered transudate or exudate? as time proceed does the characterization change or stay the same?

A

transudate; becomes exudate

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15
Q

neutrophils or macrophages - these are responsible for cytokine release.

A

macrophages

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16
Q

lymphocytes or macrophages - these have a role in cell-mediated immunity.

A

lymphocytes

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17
Q

these specialized cells are responsible for the formation of granulation tissue, synthesis of collage and contraction of wounds

A

fibroblasts

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18
Q

in acute inflammation which cells appear first, followed by which?

A

neutrophils followed by macrophages

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19
Q

in simple chronic inflammation, which cells type is present most in numbers? followed by?

A

lymphocytes, followed by plasma cells and macrophages

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20
Q

in granulomatous chronic inflammation, which cells are more numerous?

A

macrophage clusters, followed by peripheral lymphocytes

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21
Q

as a mediator of acute inflammation, histamine is responsible for v/d or v/c?

A

v/d.

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22
Q

what is IL-1 responsible for activating?

A

macrophages and fever

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23
Q

what is IL-8 responsible for in the mediation of acute inflammation?

A

chemotaxin for polys

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24
Q

locomotion of the rapidly migrating leukocytes is powered by what? slower moving cells such as fibroblasts move via what?

A

lamelipodia; filopodia

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25
Q

what is a prominent early feature in injured tissue that serves to replace damaged cells?

A

cellularity (cell proliferation)

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26
Q

what is the name of a specialized vascular tissue that is formed transiently during repair?

A

granulation tissue

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27
Q

T or F: cells that are terminally differentiated do NOT contribute to repair or regeneration.

A

TRUE - such as myocytes, neurons.

28
Q

healing by primary or secondary intention: a wound with minimal tissue loss

A

primary

29
Q

healing by primary or secondary intention: wound requires contraction and extensive cell prolideration

A

secondary

30
Q

healing by primary or secondary intention: result is small scar

A

primary

31
Q

during the maturation phase of wounding healing, what happens to unnecessary vessels formed in granulation tissue?

A

removed by apoptosis

32
Q

T o F: the maturation phase of wound healing can last as long as a year.

A

TRUE

33
Q

what is the initial phase of wound healing? (following v/c and involves platelets adhering to damaged endothelium and discharging ADP)

A

hemostasis

34
Q

what is the second phase in the evens of wound healing?

A

inflammation

35
Q

there is an early, mid, and late phase involved in the repair of skin - in which phase will you find the following: thrombosis, inflammation, and re-epithelialization.

A

early

36
Q

in which phase of the repair of skin will you find granulation tissue formation and contraction?

A

mid

37
Q

in which phase in the repair of skin will you find the following: remodeling, and accretion of final tensile strength?

A

late

38
Q

this is the transient, specialized tissue of repair which replaces the provisional matrix.

A

granulation tissue

39
Q

T or F: a key step in the development of granulation tissue is the recruitment of monocytes to the site of injury by chemokines.

A

TRUE

40
Q

granulation tissue eventually transitions to what? (this is the balance between collagen synthesisi and collagen breakdown)

A

scar tissue

41
Q

what is it that remains active at the site of a wound increasing the density of a scar over time?

A

fibroblasts

42
Q

this is the physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-esiting vessels.

A

angiogenesis

43
Q

what is the term for when there is spontaneous blood vessel formation?

A

vasculogenesis

44
Q

what is the term for new blood vessel formation by splitting off existing ones?

A

intussusception

45
Q

T or F: angiogenesis is a NORMAL process in growth and development as well as in wound healing.

A

True

46
Q

T or F: granulation tissue has more capillaries per unit volume than any other tissue

A

True

47
Q

when new blood vessels form de novo from angioblasts, what is this process called?

A

vasculogenesis

48
Q

how does the epidermis constantly renew itself? (via mitosis of what cells in which layer of skin)

A

kerinocytes of the basal layer

49
Q

T or F: in terms of re-epithialization, maturation requires an intact layer of basal cells that are in direct contact with another and the basement membrane

A

TRUE

50
Q

in terms of wound contraction, which cell is it that reacts like a smooth muscle?

A

fibroblasts - the myofibroblast is the cells response for wound contraction.

51
Q

which cells are responsible for the deforming pathological process termed would contracture?

A

myofibroblasts

52
Q

what is the renewal of a damaged tissue or a lst appendage that is identical to the original one?

A

regeneration

53
Q

the power to regenerate tissue is derived from a small number of unspecialized cells known as what?

A

stem cells

54
Q

in terms of complications of wound healing, if the injury sections or destroys the ______ layer of the stratum corneum, a scar will ALWAYS form.

A

papillary layer

55
Q

keloid or hypertrophic scare: continues to enlarge beyond the original size and shape of the wound.

A

keloid - a hypertrophic scar enlarge within the confines of the original wound

56
Q

T or R: keloids and hypertrophic scars are both raised above the skin level

A

TRUE

57
Q

T or F: hypertrophic scars are self-limited.

A

true

58
Q

what eventually happens to the general appearance of hypertrophic scars?

A

they become pale and flat over time

59
Q

what is the main difference btwn keloids, hypertrophic scars and widened scars?

A

widened scars are flat and sometimes depressed

60
Q

what is it called when the normally elastic connective tissues are replaces by inelastic fiber like tissue

A

contracture

61
Q

what is the most common cause of contracture?

A

scarring and lack of use (due to immobilization or inactivity)

62
Q

what is the best tx option for contracture?

A

PT

63
Q

what is contracture a serious complication of?

A

bruns

64
Q

what is the term that describes a rupture or splitting open, as of a surgical wound or of an organ or structure to discharge its contents?

A

dehiscence

65
Q

what type of surgeries are most commonly associated with a higher incidence of wound dehiscence?

A

abdominaal

66
Q

what is the appearance of the dermis when a keloid is present? (under the microscope)

A

thickened by the presence of collagen bundles

Pathology (8 decks)

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