Session 5 Flashcards
Where do the ovaries develop?
In the mesonephric ridge, then descend into the pelvis via the abdomen
What is the arterial supply to the ovary?
Ovarian artery (A branch of the Abdominal Aorta)
What is the venous drainage of the ovary?
Right ovarian vein drains into the IVC
Left ovarian vein drains into the Left renal vein
What are the parts of the uterus?
Fundus
Body
Uterine tubes
Cervix
What is the anterior peritoneal pouch?
Uterovesicular pouch
What is the posterior peritoneal pouch?
Rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas) *Deepest recess in the peritoneum)
What is important about the Posterior fornix?
It is the deepest point of the rectouterine pouch
There is also an Anterior fornix
What is the broad ligament?
A peritoneal fold in the female pelvis. It has a large amount of neurovascular supplies in it.
It is a mesentery which allows the uterus to be mobile
What is the round ligament?
The remnant of the gubernaculum
It branches off the uterus, travels through the inguinal canal to the labia majora where it attaches
How can issues with the female gonads manifest themselves in the inguinal nodes?
Because of the course of the round ligament
What is the normal position of the uterus?
Anteverted (In relation to the axis of the vagina)
Anteflexed (In relation to the axis of the cervix)
Why is the uterine tube open?
Open at the end of the fimbrae as they need to collect the oocyte when it is released from the ovary
What are the sections of the uterine tube?
Abdominal ostium Fimbria Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus
Why are females more likely to develop Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
The peritoneal cavity is open via the ostium of the uterine tube. Lower reproductive tract infections can ascend then involve the peritneum
What are the 3 parts of the Cervix?
Internal os
Endocervical canal
External os
Why is the Ureter at risk in surgery on the female reproductive tract?
It passes under the uterine artery which is usually involved in the surgical procedure Especially hysterectomys
What is the Transverse cervical ligament?
Thickening at the base of the broad ligament
It supplies lateral stability of the cervix
What is the Uterosacral ligament?
Opposes anterior pull of the round ligament
Assists in maintaining anteversion stability posteriorly
Where does the Pubovesical ligament attach?
Bladder
Pubis bone
Aids continence
Why is the blood supply to the female reproductive tract rich with many anastomoses?
To support embryogenesis
What is the origin of the Uterine artery?
Anterior division of the Internal iliac artery
What is the origin of the Internal Pudendal artery?
Anterior division of the Internal iliac artery
What is the Vaginal artery a branch of?
The Internal iliac artery
What group of lymph nodes does the Fundus of the Uterus drain to?
Aortic nodes and some superficial inguinal nodes (Due to the route of the round ligament)
What group of lymph nodes do the Ovaries drain to?
Para Aortic nodes
What group of lymph nodes does the Body of the Uterus drain to?
External iliac nodes
What group of lymph nodes does the Cervix drain to?
External & Internal iliac nodes
Sacral nodes
What do the Labia Majora develop from?
The labiosacral folds
What do the Labia Majora enclose?
The pudendal cleft
What do the Labia Minora enclose?
The vestibule of the vagina (Bulbs of vestibule & Clitoris)
What does the Vestibule contain?
Orifices of the Urethra, vagina and greater & lesser vestibular glands
What is another name for the greater vestibular glands?
Bartholin glands
What pathology can occur in the greater vestibular glands?
Bartholinitis (Infection or Inflammation)
Bartholin gland cyst (Swelling in the vestibule)
What are the vaginal fornices?
Recesses of the vagina around the cervix.
They project superiorly whilst the cervix projects inferiorly
What is Culdocentesis?
Allows access to the peritoneal cavity (and anything that may be collecting in it) via the posterior fornix
What innervates the inferior 1/3 of the vagina?
Somatic innervation from the Pudendal nerve
What innervates the superior 4/5 of the vagina and uterus?
Uterovaginal plexus
What innervates above and below the pelvic pain line?
Above = Inferior thoracic lumbar spinal ganglia Below = S2-S4 spinal ganglia
What innervates the Perineum?
Pudendal nerve (S2-S4 somatic) Ilioinguinal nerve
Where does the Pudendal nerve exit the pelvis?
Via the greater sciatic foramen
Then enters the perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen and travels through the Pudendal canal
