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Reproductive system > Session 4 > Flashcards

Session 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Scrotum develop from?

A

The labiosacral folds

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2
Q

What is the Scrotum?

A

A cutaneous sac that is an outpocketing of the anterior abdominal wall

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3
Q

What does the Scrotum contain?

A

Testis
Epididymis
Spermatic cord

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4
Q

Why is the Scrotum outside of the body?

A

Because the optimal temperature for Spermatogenesis is 2 degrees below human body temperature (Due to the enzymes involved)

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5
Q

What surrounds the testis?

A

Tunica vaginalis

Enclosed by the tunica albuginea (Thick fibrous outer covering)

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply of the testis?

A

Branches of the Abdominal aorta

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7
Q

What is the venous drainage of the testis?

A

Right testicular vein -> IVC

Left testicular vein -> Left renal vein

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8
Q

What are the sections of the Epididymis?

A

Head
Body
Tail

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9
Q

How is the Epididymis connected to the seminiferous tubules?

A

Via efferent ductules and rete testis

*Will become part of the spermatic cord)

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10
Q

What is the Spermatic cord?

A

Connects structures running to and from the testis

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11
Q

Where does the Spermatic cord run from/to?

A

From deep inguinal ring (Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels)
To posterior border of the testis (Via inguinal canal and superficial inguinal ring)

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12
Q

What does the Spermatic cord contain?

A 
Neurovascular structures (Testicular artery, Cremasteric artery, artery to vas deferens, Pampiniform plexus, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve)
Vas deferens
Lymphatics
Processus vaginalis (Projection of peritoneium)
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13
Q

What is the Pampiniform plexus?

A

A configuration of the testicular vein
It aids temperature regulation
Absorbs heat from the arterial blood so enzymes for Spermatogenesis are not effected

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14
Q

What are the coverings of the Spermatic cord?

A

External spermatic fascia (Aponeurosis of external oblique)
Cresmasteric muscle & fascia (Internal oblique & transversalis)
Internal spermatic fascia (Transversalis fascia)
Coverings come from the embryological dragging when testis descend

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15
Q

What is a Hydrocoele?

A

Serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis (layers are opened)

Can be of testis or cord

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16
Q

What is a Haematocoele?

A

Blood in the tunica vaginalis

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17
Q

What is a Varicocoele?

A

Varicosities (Enlargement/swelling) of the Pampiniform plexus

18
Q

Which side is unlikely to have a Varicocoele?

A

The right side. If there is one there need to think of what else could be blocking it

19
Q

What is a Spermatocoele?

A 
Epididymal cyst (Aka Retention cyst)
Contains spermatogonia and is palpable
20
Q

What is Epididymitis?

A

Inflammation of the epididymis

21
Q

How can you distinguish between a Hydrocoele or Haematocoele?

A

Transillumination - more light will pass through the Hydrocoele

22
Q

What is an Indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Reopening of the processus vaginalis, take the same route as the testis when they descend
There is a potential continuity between the peritoneal cavity and tunica vaginalis

23
Q

What is a Direct inguinal hernia?

A

Bowel goes directly through the wall in the weak Hesselbach’s triangle

24
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord just above the upper pole.

Medical emergency as can cause necrosis of the testis

25
Q

What innervates the scrotum?

A 
Lumbar plexus (L1 - L2) for the anterior surface - Genital branches of the genitofemoral nerve
Sacral plexus (S2 - S4) for the posterior & inferior surface - Pudendal nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh too
26
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?

A

Para aortic nodes (Not palpable)

Due to posterior abdominal wall development

27
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes (Can palpate)

28
Q

If you can palpate lymph nodes in the scrotal region, is it likely that the pathology is in the testis or scrotum?

A

Scrotum

29
Q

What are the Seminal vesicles?

A

A pair of glands that secrete 70 - 80% of the ejaculate (Lie between the bladder and rectum)

30
Q

How are the Seminal vesicles formed?

A

An outpouching (Diverticulum) of the of the vas deferens

31
Q

What forms the ejaculatory duct?

A

Seminal vesicle and vas deferens

Ejaculatory duct then goes within the prostate

32
Q

What is the Prostate?

A

A fibromuscular gland that surrounds the urethra once it leaves the bladder

33
Q

What are the 2 zones of the prostate?

A

Central (By urethra)

Peripheral

34
Q

Which area of the prostate does Benign Prostate Hypertrophy effect?

A

The middle lobule in the central zone. Therefore obstruction of the urethra occurs leadig to earlier symptoms

35
Q

Why do Prostatic malignancies usually present later?

A

Because they are usually in the peripheral zone.

36
Q

Why do Prostatic malignancies produce bony metastases?

A

The venous route of Internal vertebral plexus causes the malignant cells to be transported to the vertebrae and brain

37
Q

What are the sections of the penis?

A

Root
Body
Glans

38
Q

What is the internal structure of the penis?

A

Pair of Copora Cavernosa dorsally

Single Corpus Spongiosum ventrally

39
Q

What supplies the penis?

A

Branches of the internal pudendal arteries (Branch of anterior division of the internal iliac artery)

40
Q

What muscle of the male perineum aids urination?

A

The bulbospongiosus helps expel the last drops of urine and maintain an erection as it envelops the bulb of the penis

41
Q

How does the Ischiocavernosus help maintain an erection?

A

Compresses the veins

42
Q

What part of the urethra is most likely to become damaged during catheterisation?

A

Membranous as it is the least distensible

Reproductive system (16 decks)

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