Session 4

Question 1

What is the definition of coruption?

Answer 1

abuse of entrusted power for private gain

Question 2

What are the three central approaches for measurement?

Answer 2

• Corruption Perception Index (CPI)
• Global Corruption Barometer (GCB)
• Bribe Payers Index (BPI)

Question 3

Which types of corruption exist?

Answer 3

• grand corruption
• petty corruption
• political corruption

Question 4

What is grand corruption?

Answer 4

consists of acts committed at a high level of government that distort policies or the central functioning of the state, enabling leaders to benefit at the expense of the public good

Question 5

What is petty corruption?

Answer 5

refers to everyday abuse od entrusted power by low- and mid-level public officials in their interactions with ordinary citizens, who often are trying to access basic goods or services in places like hospitals, schools, police departments and other agencies

Question 6

What is political corruption?

Answer 6

a manipulation of policies, institutions and rules of procedure in the allocation of resources and financing by political decision makers who abuse their position to sustain their power, status and wealth

Question 7

Which types of costs of corruption exist?

Answer 7

• political
• economic
• society
• environment

Question 8

What does politcal cost of corruption mean?

Answer 8

major obstacle to democracy and the rule of law

in a democratic system, offices and institutions lose their legitimacy when they’re misused for private advantage

Question 9

What does economic cost of corruption mean?

Answer 9

depletes national wealth
corrupt politicians invest scarce public resources in projects that will line their pockets rather than benefit communities and prioritize high-profile projects over less spectacular but more urgent infrastructure projects
corruption also hinders the development of fair market structures and distorts competition which in turn deters investment

Question 10

What does society cost of corruption mean?

Answer 10

corruption corrodes the social fabric society
it undermines people’s trust in the political system, in its institutions and its leadership
a distrustful or apathetic public can then become yet another hurdle to challenging corruption

Question 11

What does environment cost of corruption mean?

Answer 11

lack of environmental regulations and legislation means that precious natural resources are caselessly exploited
from mining, to logging, to carbon offsets, companies continue to pay bribes in return for unrestricted destruction

Question 12

Which initiatives exist to limit corruption?

Answer 12

• United Nations Convention against Corruption

- Foreign Corrupt Practises Act

Question 13

Was sagen Fan, Li und Treismann in dem Text “Politische Dezentralisierung und Korruption: Beweis um die ganze Welt” über Korruption?

Answer 13

• vorherige empirische Studien zeigen widersprüchliche Schlussfolgerungen durch wahrgenommene Korruption und Finanzindikatoren an
• Bestechung kommt häufiger in Ländern mit einer größeren Anzahl von Regierungs- oder Verwaltungsebenen oder einer größeren Anzahl von Angestellten des öffentlichen Dienstes vor
• Bestechung kommt weniger vor, wenn zentrale Verwaltungen einen größeren Anteil an den BIP-Einnahmen erhielten
• Ergebnisse zeigen an, dass die Gefahr von Rent-seeking größer ist, wenn Regierungsstrukturen komplexer sind