session 3 notes: pneumonia , adenoviurs Flashcards
what is pneumonia
infection of terminal air sacs and tissue of the lung.
what do pneumococci do
multiply rapidly in alveolar spaces and induce extensive oedema.
acute inflammatory repose in which theres a lot of neutrophils . macrophages will later replace the neutrophils and ingest debris.
clinical features of pneumonia
can present with fever, malaise , tachypnea (increased respiratory rate), tachycardia
in more serious cases can present with shock.
patients will have a cough. usually cough up purulent sputum. the is sputum with pus which indicates dead neutrophils.
classification of pneumonia
- community acquired pneumonia
- hospital acquired pneumonia
- opportunistic pneumonia- people who’s immune status is defective.
which organism is associated with community acquired pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae (most important) others include- haemophilus influenzae, mortadella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus
x ray patterns in pneumonia
lobar pneumonia- pulmonary consolidation separated by border of lung segment or lobe.
bronchopneumonia- patchy consolidation around the larger airways.
interstitial pneumonia- demonstrated by fine areas of shadowing in the lung fields and there is usually no sputum production at presentation. usually seen in mycoplasma, legionella and viral pneumonia.
what is the most common manifestation of adenovirus infection of infants and young children and what is it characterised by
acute febrile pharyngitis
cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and fever
what is adenovirus producing conjunctivitis called and who is it most common in
pharyngoconjunctival fever
more prevalent in school-aged children and occurs both sporadically and in outbreaks, often within family groups or in groups using the same swimming facility (“swimming pool conjunctivitis”)
how is adenovirus detected
identified by direct test of stool specimens by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) to detect viral antigens.
