Session 3: Exercise Science & Biomechanical Principles Flashcards
1. Understand introductory principles related to the cardiovscular, muscular, skeletal, endocrine, and nervous systems, including acute and chronic responses of each to exercise 2. Understand basic kinesiology terminology and application to exercises commonly used in group settings 3. Understand basic biochemical principles key to designing creative exercises safely and effectively for a desired outcome
1
Q
Exercise Physiology
A
The study of the body’s responses and adaptations to the stress of exercise
2
Q
Chronic
A
Long-term
3
Q
Acute
A
Immediate
4
Q
Myocardium
A
Specialized muscle tissue only present in the heart
5
Q
Where is the first place the heart pumps blood to?
A
To itself through the coronary arteries
6
Q
Name the 8 functions of the cardiovascular system
A
- Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
- Oxygen transport to tissues and return
- Nutrient distribution
- Metabolic waste removal (lactic acid)
- Regulates pH balance (acid/base balance) by controlling the bloods buffering capabilities
- Hormone and enzyme transport
- Maintains fluid balance (hydration)
- Thermoregulation by absorbing and redistributing heat
7
Q
Cardiac Output (Q)
A
- A the volume of blood ejected by the ventricles per minute
- A measure of cardiac efficiency
8
Q
How is cardiac output calculated?
A
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
9
Q
What is the average cardiac output at rest?
A
5 litres/min
10
Q
What is the effect of training on cardiac output during exercise?
A
Cardiac out put increases
11
Q
Ejection Fraction
A
The percentage of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat
12
Q
What is a normal ejection fraction?
A
60-65%
