Session 3- Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
What three ways may chronic inflammation arise?
May tak over from acute inflmmation if the damage is too severe
May arise de novo (autoimmune conditions, chronic infections, chronic low level irritation)
May develop alongside acute inflammation (in severe, persistent or repeated irritation)
Name the five types of cells that are present in chronic inflammation.
Macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, fibroblasts/myofibroblasts
Name the three types of giant cells
Langhans
Foreign body type
Touton
In what condition would you find langhans cells and what is their characteristic appearance
TB
Horseshoe nuclei around the periphery
What do foreign body giant cells look like
Multiple, irregularly aggregates of nuclei
What two features characterise touton giant cells and when would you see them?
A foamy cytoplasm
Regular nuclei around the periphery
See with fat necrosis
Inin what three circumstances would eosinophils be present?
Allergic reactions
Parasite infections
Some tumours
Name two types of inflammatory bowel diseases?
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohns
What are the 3 functions of a macrophage? Include what types of chemicals they synthesise
Phagocytosis
Professional antigen presenting cell
Synthesis of Cytokines, Complement factors, Blood clotting factors, Proteases
What two features are present on a plasma cell?
Abundant golgi (Production of Antibodies) Chromatin clumps around the periphery of the nucleus
What does a eosinophil look like?
“Sunburnt face with shades on”
Orange cytoplasm, bilobar nucleus
List four causes of Cirrhosis
Alcohol
Drugs and toxins
Fatty Liver disease
Infection with Hep B and Hep C
Name four effects of chronic inflammation
Impaired function (Rarely Increased function)
Fibrosis
Atrophy
Stimulation of the immune response
List 2 distinguishing features between ulcerative collitis and Crohns disease (Location+Where in the wall it affects)
Crohns: Affects any part of the GI system, from mouth to anus
UC: Affects only colon and rectum
Crohns: Transmural. Inflammation affects all the layers of the wall
UC: Superficial. Only affects mucosa and submucosal layers
Give 4 features of crohns disease
Discontinuous distribution
Granulomas often present
Bowel fistulas more likely
Cobblestone appearance to bowel mucosa (Healthy bits of mucosa follwed by inflammed bits in mosaic fashion)
Give 2 features of UC
Crypt Abcess (Neutrophils in the crypts) Distorted crypt architecture very common
What is a granuloma
A tight cluster of macrophages (Epithelioid) and lymphocytes
Under what conditions do granulomas arise
Hypersensitivity
Persistent low grade antigenic stimulation
