Haemostasis CC Flashcards
What is Haemophilia A?
X linked recessive
Decreased factor 8
Complications of haemophilia A
Severe bleeding (Eg during dental extraction, post op etc..) GI bleeding Haematuria recurrent haemarthroses Muscle haematomas Intracranial bleeding
What is the treatment for heamophilia A
Recombinant Factor 8 or DDAVP (Releases stores of factor 8)
What 3 lab abnormalities would you see with Haemophilia A
Increased: Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
Increased APTT ratio (Increased clotting time)
Decreased Factor 8 level
Another name for haemophilia B?
Christmas Disease
What is Haemophilia B?
Decreased or no factor 9
Clinically v similar to haemophilia A so need specific lab tests
What is vonWillebrand factor used for in the body?
Assists platelet plug formation by attracting platelets to site of damage and stabilises Factor 8 by preventing it from premature destruction
Name four symptoms of of vonWillebrands Disease
Heaving bleeding
Bruising
Heavy periods
Prolonged bleeding after trauma
Lab findings of vonWillebrands Disease (6)
Decreased Hb (Due to bleeding) Microcytic anaemia (Decreased iron due to losing too much iron) Increased APTT (Longer time to clot) Decreaased factor 8 Decreased vWb factor antigen Decreased vWb collagen binding activity
What is Immune thrombocytic purpura?
Increased removal of platelets due to autoantibodies against the growth proteins found on platelets
Symptoms of Immune thrombocytic purpura
Easy/excessive bruising
bleeding (eg from gums, nose)
Petechiae
Lab abnormalities of Immune thrombocytic purpura
Decreased platelet count
What is thrombophilus
Increased risk of thrombus formation
Acquired or congenital
Describe what the type 1 and type 2 thrombophilias are
Type 1- Deficiency in natural anticoagulents
Type 2- Overactivity of coagulation factors (The more mild of the two)
What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation?
Pathological activation of coagulation
You get lots of microthrombi forming
What can trigger Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Cancer, burns, infection (Gram negative sepsis), massive haemorrhage
What would the lab results show for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Raised: Prothrombin time, International normalised ratio (Ratio of patients prothrombin time to normal mean prothrombin time), APTT
Increased fibrin degradation products (Eg. D dimers)
Decreased fibrinogen
On blood screen, due to the clots causing haemolysis, you will see red blood cell fragments
