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Anatomy Sessions > Session 24: GU 1 > Flashcards

Session 24: GU 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the inguinal canal

A

The location where the blood vessels/nerves/lymphatics/vas deferens required for the normal functioning of the testis have to pass through

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2
Q

What is the inguinal canal a common site for?

A

Hernias

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3
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

A triangle shaped area within the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. Have fibres running below the spermatic cord (attaching to pubic tubercle) and in front of the spermatic cord (attaching to pubic bone). Creates this triangle shaped area

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4
Q

How do the fibres of external oblique and internal oblique differ in the flank?

A

External: run downwards and outwards
Internal: run upwards and inwards (at superior iliac spine fibres run horizontally)

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5
Q

What does the inguinal ligament attach to?

A

Attaches to the pubic tubercle

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the internal oblique muscle?

A

It contracts -> shortens-> closes inguinal canal -> prevent bowel coming down from abdomen and causing a hernial

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7
Q

Origin of the transversus layer of muscle (below the internal oblique)

A

Takes its origin from the lateral one third of the inguinal ligament. Its lowermost fibres pass over and behind contents of the inguinal canal

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8
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring

A

Just below the internal oblique there are a number of tubular structures

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9
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring?

A

Lies lateral to location of the femoral pulse in the upper part of the thigh. Just lateral to the blood vessels here too (next Q)

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10
Q

What blood vessels supply this area/are located here?

A

The inferior epigastric artery comes off the external iliac artery as it passes underneath the inguinal ligament. Runs up the abdominal wall.

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11
Q

What surround the contents of the spermatic cord

A

A layer of fascia

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12
Q

Thus what are the contents of the inguinal canal covered in

A

Transverses fascia

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13
Q

What else is the inguinal canal covered in

A

A layer of the cremesteric muscle (derived from internal oblique)

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14
Q

What is the third layer that covers the I.C when it emerges from the superficial inguinal ring

A

The external spermatic fascia

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15
Q

What are the three layers of spermatic cord and testis

A
  1. ) Transverses fascia
  2. ) Cremesteric muscle
  3. ) External spermatic fascia
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16
Q

What are the structures within the spermatic cord

A
  1. ) Testicular veins
  2. ) Pampiniform plexus of veins
  3. ) Testicular artery
  4. ) Vas deferens
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17
Q

Why are there multiple veins

A

Spermagtogenesis needs a body temp lower than normal. High surface area of scrotum cools down testis (which has veins) for correct spermatogenesis

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18
Q

Why does the testicle not have a large artery?

A

As it isn’t very metabolically active

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19
Q

Function of the vas deferens

A

Carries sperm from testis to the penis for ejaculation

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20
Q

What makes up the testis

A

The testicle itself and the epidydimus

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21
Q

What is the epidydimus

A

It is a convoluted tube. Runs from top of testis to bottom of testis

22
Q

What is the sac that covers the testis

A

The tunica vaginalis

23
Q

What is present on the superior pole of the testis

A

The ducti efferentes

24
Q

What is covers the testis

A

A white tunic: the tunic albuginia

25
Q

What is the tube that runs from the peritoneum to the tunica vaginalis

A

The processus vaginalis

26
Q

Below the skin, what covers the penis

A

Buck’s fascia

27
Q

Purpose of Buck’s fascia

A

Limit amount of blood that flows into the penis during erection

28
Q

What is the main shaft of the penis formed from?

A

Three cylinders of erectile tissue: two corpora cavernosus/one copus spongiosus

29
Q

What is the glans penis entirely formed from?

A

The corpora spongiosus

30
Q

What is the urogenital triangle*

A

The perineum

31
Q

What is the ano-rectal triangle

A

Between the ischial tuberosities and the coccyx

32
Q

What is the name of the membrane that sits on the peroneal triangle

A

The peroneal membrane. External genitalia are attached to its superficial surface

33
Q

Whats deep to the peroneal membrane

A

Layer of muscle: deep peroneal pouch. Forms part of sphincters for the vagina + urethra

34
Q

What is the crura cavernosus

A

Where the column of erectile tissue lies by the inferior rami. Aka the foot of the penis or clitoris

35
Q

What is the name of the muscle that lies over the erectile tissue

A

Skeletal muscle: ischio-cavernosus

36
Q

In males: what is the bulb shape erectile tissue

A

The crura spongiosus (forms foot of corpora spongiosis)

37
Q

In males: What is the muscle that overlies the crura spongiosus

A

The bulbospongiosus muscle

38
Q

How does this differ in females?

A
  • The spongiosis is in 2 bodies of erectile tissue

- 2 bodies are separated by the interoitus

39
Q

What are the labia minora

A

Skin that has no hair follicles

40
Q

What is the hair bearing bulge that sits over the labia minora

A

The labia majora

41
Q

What is between the two labia minora

A
  1. ) An orifice for the urethra

2. ) An orifice for the vagina

42
Q

What do the four parts of the erectile tissue do in females

A

They form a small protrusion: the clitoris

43
Q

In males: how is the scrotum formed

A

The labia majora fuse together

44
Q

What is the nervous supply here?

A
  1. ) L1: ilio-inguinal nerve

2. ) S2: sacral nerve (supplies ring round anal ring)

45
Q

The peudenal nerve root

A

Passes out of the greater sciatic formaina with the sciatic nerve

46
Q

What is the nerve that supplies the peroneum

A

The peudendal nerve. It is a branch of sacral roots 2/3/4

47
Q

What muscle fibres lie on the surface of the sacrotuberous ligament

A

Glutus maximus muscle fibres

48
Q

What is the levatorani muscle

A

Thin sheet of muscle that closes off the pelvic outlet

49
Q

What does the peudendal nerve pass deep to to enter the ischio-rectal fossa

A

The sacrotuberous ligament

50
Q

Function of the peudendal nerve

A

Sensory nerve supply to the posterior 2/3 of the external genitalia and the lower 2/3 of the anal canal

Anatomy Sessions (9 decks)

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