Anatomy session 2:GU 2 Flashcards
Drainage veins into the IVC: compare the right and left sides
- On both sides there is an adrenal vein from the adrenal glands/testicular (gonadal) vein from the deep inguinal ring/renal vein
- Difference: right side, they all drain independently into the IVC but on the left side the AV and TV join the renal vein to drain into the IVC
Where are the adrenal glands located?
Superior to the upper poles of the kidney
What are the three main structures present at the hilum of the kidney?
- ) Renal vein
- ) Renal artery
- ) Ureter
- also some lymphatics/sympathetic nerve fibres
What do we need to remember about the ureter?
It runs behind the gonadal vessels as it goes down the abdomen
What artery is present in the retroperitoneum?
The aorta is just behind the IVC. The gonadal artery arises from the aorta
What is present in a bisection of the kidney?
- granular appearance around the edge of the kidney: from the glomeruli
- smooth pyramid shaped areas: medullary pyramids.
- Urine will drain into the minor calyx region
- Minor calyces join to form a major calyx
- This forms a space: the pelvis of the kidney
Function of the pelvis of the kidney
Pelvis of the kidney drains out through the ureter
What is present in the upper retroperitoneum that lies behind the kidneys?
- The diaphragm muscle
- The 10/11/12th ribs
What is present below the 12th rib
- the 12th thoracic nerve
- the L1 nerve
What nerves form a plexus in what muscle?
- The L2/3/4 nerves form a plexus within the psoas muscle
What else is present?
- femoral nerve between the iliac muscle (fan shaped) and the psoas muscle
- Muscle that runs from the lower border of the 12 rib to the upper part of the pelvis: the quadratus lumborum
Name of the white line defining the margin between the psoas and quadratus lumborum
The lateral arcuate line
What is the umbilicus at the level of
The bifurcation of the aorta
What does the aorta bifurcate into
Two common iliac arteries
What do the common iliac arteries then further bifurcate into
Common iliac artery then bifurcates to form an internal iliac artery and an external iliac artery
What does the external iliac artery become
Runs on the medial side of the psoas muscle to become the femoral artery. Also gives off vessels such as the inferior epigastric artery
What does the internal iliac artery become
Splits into two:
- ) Anterior- supplies bladder + uterus in females/placenta in foetus
- ) Posterior- passes out into the buttock. Forms the superior + inferior gluteal arteries, supply blood to the buttock. They anastomose with the profuno-femoral artery at back of thigh
Where does the rectum receive its blood supply
From the inferior mesenteric artery: it is part of the bowel
Where does the common iliac artery bifurcate?
The sacroiliac joint
What nerve arises in the psoas muscle
- the obturator nerve
- leaves through a small hole in the obturator foramen
Role of the obturator nerve
- supplies sensation to the medial part of the thigh down to the knee
- motor supply to the medial compartment of the thigh
