Anatomy session 2:GU 2

Question 1

Drainage veins into the IVC: compare the right and left sides

Answer 1

• On both sides there is an adrenal vein from the adrenal glands/testicular (gonadal) vein from the deep inguinal ring/renal vein
• Difference: right side, they all drain independently into the IVC but on the left side the AV and TV join the renal vein to drain into the IVC

Question 2

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 2

Superior to the upper poles of the kidney

Question 3

What are the three main structures present at the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 3

1. ) Renal vein
2. ) Renal artery
3. ) Ureter
   - also some lymphatics/sympathetic nerve fibres

Question 4

What do we need to remember about the ureter?

Answer 4

It runs behind the gonadal vessels as it goes down the abdomen

Question 5

What artery is present in the retroperitoneum?

Answer 5

The aorta is just behind the IVC. The gonadal artery arises from the aorta

Question 6

What is present in a bisection of the kidney?

Answer 6

• granular appearance around the edge of the kidney: from the glomeruli
• smooth pyramid shaped areas: medullary pyramids.
• Urine will drain into the minor calyx region
• Minor calyces join to form a major calyx
• This forms a space: the pelvis of the kidney

Question 7

Function of the pelvis of the kidney

Answer 7

Pelvis of the kidney drains out through the ureter

Question 8

What is present in the upper retroperitoneum that lies behind the kidneys?

Answer 8

• The diaphragm muscle

- The 10/11/12th ribs

Question 9

What is present below the 12th rib

Answer 9

• the 12th thoracic nerve

- the L1 nerve

Question 10

What nerves form a plexus in what muscle?

Answer 10

• The L2/3/4 nerves form a plexus within the psoas muscle

Question 11

What else is present?

Answer 11

• femoral nerve between the iliac muscle (fan shaped) and the psoas muscle
• Muscle that runs from the lower border of the 12 rib to the upper part of the pelvis: the quadratus lumborum

Question 12

Name of the white line defining the margin between the psoas and quadratus lumborum

Answer 12

The lateral arcuate line

Question 13

What is the umbilicus at the level of

Answer 13

The bifurcation of the aorta

Question 14

What does the aorta bifurcate into

Answer 14

Two common iliac arteries

Question 15

What do the common iliac arteries then further bifurcate into

Answer 15

Common iliac artery then bifurcates to form an internal iliac artery and an external iliac artery

Question 16

What does the external iliac artery become

Answer 16

Runs on the medial side of the psoas muscle to become the femoral artery. Also gives off vessels such as the inferior epigastric artery

Question 17

What does the internal iliac artery become

Answer 17

Splits into two:

1. ) Anterior- supplies bladder + uterus in females/placenta in foetus
2. ) Posterior- passes out into the buttock. Forms the superior + inferior gluteal arteries, supply blood to the buttock. They anastomose with the profuno-femoral artery at back of thigh

Question 18

Where does the rectum receive its blood supply

Answer 18

From the inferior mesenteric artery: it is part of the bowel

Question 19

Where does the common iliac artery bifurcate?

Answer 19

The sacroiliac joint

Question 20

What nerve arises in the psoas muscle

Answer 20

• the obturator nerve

- leaves through a small hole in the obturator foramen

Question 21

Role of the obturator nerve

Answer 21

• supplies sensation to the medial part of the thigh down to the knee
• motor supply to the medial compartment of the thigh