Session 2.2 - ATP - Dependent Ion Pumps and Ion exchangers Flashcards
Give the free ion distribution of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- inside the cell
Na+ - 10mM
K+ - 160mM
Ca2+ - 1 x 10^-4mM
Cl- - 3 mM
Give the free ion distribution of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- outside of the cell
Na+ - 145 mM
K+ - 4.5mM
Ca2+ - 1.5mM
Cl- - 114 mM
Describe the process of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump
- Exchanges 3 intracellular Na+ for extracellular 2K+
- Creates high intracellular K+
- Antiport protein
What does the Na+/K+-ATPase pump drive?
Processes of secondary active transport via formation of Na+ concentration gradient
Why must levels of Ca2+ in cells be controlled?
High Ca2+ toxic to cells
What is SERCA? Describe its process (4)
- Antiport protein
- High affinity low capacity for Ca2+
- Accumulates Ca2+ into the Sarcoplasmic reticulum/Endoplasmic Reticulum in exchange for H+
- Primary active transport: ATP hydrolysis
What is PMCA?
- Antiport protein
- High affinity, low capacity for Ca2+
- Intracellular Ca2+ exchanged for extracellular H+ (expels Ca2+)
- Primary active transport: ATP hydrolysis
What type of active transport is demonstrated by NCX?
What is its normal role?
- Secondary active transport
* Expelling Ca2+ during cell recovery
What is the process of transport for NCX?
- 3 Na+ into cell, 1 Ca2+ out of cell
* Electrogenic - current flows in direction of Na+ gradient
What is NCX dependent on?
Membrane potential
What happens to NCX in depolarised cells?
The normal mode of operation is inhibited and reversed, so Ca2+ enters cell.
What role does NCX have in ischaemia?
- ATP depleted due to lack of O2
- Sodium pump inhibited – no movement of Na+ out of cell
- NCX reverses, as outside negative: Ca2+ in, 3 Na+ out
- High Ca2+ toxic to cell – activates potent enzymes
What is the process of NHE cotransporter?
- Na+ in, H+ out
* Gradient follows Na+ - no ATP hydrolysis
What does the NHE contransporter regulate?
o Cell volume i.e. cell swelling: increase ion efflux – water follows by osmosis, cell shrinkage: increase ion uptake
o pH
What is the NHE cotransporter activated and inhibited by?
- Activated by growth factors/ inhibited by amiloride