Session 2.1 - Role Of Membrane As Permeability Barriers Flashcards
What is required to move a small hydrophillic molecule or ion across a semi permeable membrane?
A large free energy change
What does the difficulty involved in movement of small hydrophillic molecules across a membrane mean?
The transverse movement of hydrophilic molecules across a membrane is a rare event
How is the movement of ions and hydrophillic molecules mediated and regulated?
By specific membrane transport systems.
Give six roles of transport processes in cell membrane
PIE Can’t Make Gravy
pH, Ionic, Extrusion, Cell volume, metabolic fuels + building blocks, Generation of ionic gradients
- Maintenance of pH
- Maintenance of ionic composition
- Regulation of cell volume
- Concentration of metabolic fuels and building blocks
- Extrusion of waste products of metabolism and toxic substances
- Generation of ionic gradients necessary for the electrical excitability of nerve and muscle
How do hydrophobic molecules move through cell membrane?
easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer – including O2 and CO2
How do small, uncharged polar molecules move through membrane?
Diffuse
How do large, uncharged polar molecules move?
e.g. glucose and sucrose, are not able to diffuse through the lipid membrane – transport proteins required
How do ions move through membrane?
Not able to diffuse, require transport proteins
Complete the sentence
The smaller the membrane coefficient…
… the larger the net rate of transport
What is the rate of diffusion of molecules proportional to?
Concentration gradient
What is the term for the diffusion of water across a membrane up concentration of solute?
Osmosis
What is different about osmosis in cells such as those that line the kidney proximal tubule?
Facillitated by water channels - aquaporins
Define diffusion
Passive (i.e. spontaneous), non-energy requiring, movement of molecules across the lipid bilayer
Describe facilitated transport
Give an example of facilitated transport
Specific proteins increase the permeability for a polar substance e.g Band 3 and Cl-
Why can water move the lipid bilayer easily?
Because it is a very small molecule
What does the band 3 protein do in cells?
HCO3- out, Cl- in anion exchange. Example of facilitated diffusion