Session 1 - Lipids, Proteins and Membrane Structures Flashcards
Welcome to Semester 2 guys!
Functions of membranes? (5)
- Continuous, highly selective, permeability barrier
- Control of enclosed chemical environment
- Communication between cells and their environment
- Recognition e.g. signalling proteins, adhesion proteins, immune surveillance
- Signal generation in response to stimuli e.g. electrical/chemical
Castrated Criminals Can’t Really Sex
Name three types of lipid in a membrane?
Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Cholesterol
What are the main components of a phospholipid?
Polar head group Attached to.. Phosphate Attached to.. Glycerol backbone Attached to.. Fatty acid chains
What are the main types of polar head groups?
Choline, amines, amino acids, sugars
What are the main types of fatty acid chains?
Hydrophobic
Can be saturated or unsaturated which contain cis C=C. Introduces a ‘kink’ to the fatty acid tail.
Why is sphingomyelin different to most Phospholipids?
Has no glycerol backbone but is still classed as a phospholipid as it has a phosphate. Contains sphingosine.
What is an ampipathic molecule?
contain both hydrophilic (the “head”) and hydrophobic (the “tail”) regions.
Where are unsaturated fatty acids found? Give an example
In the diet
Linolenic acid
What Sphingoyelin found? What is its function?
In myelin sheathes, aids in signal transduction
What is a glycolipid?
lipids with a carbohydrate group attached
Give the structure of a glycolipid
Sugar head group (Cerebroside or Gangioside)
Sphingosine backbone
Nitrogenous base
Fatty acid tail
Cerebroside?
monomer head group e.g. galactose
Ganglioside?
oligosaccharide head group
What is cholesterol derived from?
HMG-CoA
What is the enzyme used to convert precursor to cholesterol? What drug inhibits this enzyme?
HMG-CoA reductase
Statins
Give the structure of cholesterol
Polar head –OH which is attracted to exposed C=O in phospholipids’ fatty acid tails
Rigid, planar steroid ring
Non-polar hydrophobic carbon tail
What two things will an ampipathic molecule form in water?
A micelle or a bi-layer