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ToB > Session 2-Glands, their properties and secretion methods > Flashcards

Session 2-Glands, their properties and secretion methods Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between endocrine and exocrine?

A
  • exocrine is a gland with ducts

- endocrine-ductless gland that secretes directly into the blood

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2
Q

what is merocrine secretion?

A

-exocytosis with membrane bound vesicles

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3
Q

give an example of merocrine secretion?

A

salivary glands and pancreas

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4
Q

what is apocrine secretion?

A
  • non membrane bound structure approaches cell surface
  • pushes up apical membrane (side of membrane closest to lumen)
  • apical cytoplasm drapes around droplet
  • pinches off from cell
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5
Q

give an example of apocrine secretion

A

mammary gland

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6
Q

what is holocrine secretion?

A
  • disintegration of entire cell

- release of contents and discharge of whole cell

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7
Q

give an example of holocrine secretion

A

sebaceous gland

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8
Q

how does transepithelial transport work?

A

-when molecule is too large to penetrate membrane, it is shunted across by endocytosis at one end, transportation as vesicle and exocytosed at other end

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9
Q

what is the function of the golgi?

A
  • sort into diff compartments
  • package by condensing contents
  • glycosylation of proteins and lipids (add sugar)
  • transport
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10
Q

which glands are exocrine?

A
  • unicellular glands in jejunum and colon
  • parotid gland (salivary gland)
  • submandibular (salivary gland)
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11
Q

what glands are endocrine?

A

-pancreas, thyroid,parathyroid,adrenal

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12
Q

what kind of internal tubes do mucous membranes line?

A
  • ones that are open to the EXTERIOR
  • alimentary (tract extending from mouth to anus including oesophagus,stomach, intestines)
  • respiratory
  • urinary
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13
Q

what does a mucous membrane consist of?

A
  • epithelium lining lumen of tube
  • An adjacent layer of connective tissue=LAMINA PROPRIA
  • in alimentary tract, a third layer of connective tissue consisting of smooth muscle cells=MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
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14
Q

how can glands be classified?

A

-destination of secretion, structure of gland, nature of secretion and method if discharge

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15
Q

name the four layers of the gut wall

A
  • mucosa (made up of muscularis mucosae,lamina propria, epithelium)
  • submucosa (connective tissue with gland, arteries, veins and nerves)
  • muscularis externa (smooth muscle that creates peristaltic waves to move content along gut)
  • serosa-outermost layer made up of mesothelium (simple squamous cells). Mesentery (between simple squamous epithelia and connective tissue containings vessels.)
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16
Q

What is the difference between serosa and adventitia?

A

Serosa=mesothelium (simple squamous tissue)

Adventitia=loose connective tissue

17
Q

Where would you find adventitia and serosa?

A
  • Adventitia=retroperitoneal organs (behind peritoneum)

- Serosa=peritoneal organs

18
Q

does the oesophagus contain adventitia or serosa?

A

adventitia

19
Q

what do type 2 cuboidal cells do in the alveoli?

A

-produce surfactant

20
Q

What ion channel molecule is absent in cystic fibrosis and what ins the consequence?

A
  • CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator)
  • Cl- ions cannot move out of epithelial cells and so water moves into cells. Therefore mucous in resp tract becomes more viscous leading to increase of pulmonary infection and gastrointestinal infection
21
Q

What is meconium ileus in newborns with CF?

A

Inability to pass first faeces

22
Q

What are the consequences of CF in older sufferers regarding the GI tract?

A
  • constipation

- invagination (folding) of GI tract

23
Q

Give an example of a unicellular gland

A

Goblet cells

24
Q

Give an example of an acinar/tubular gland

A

Exocrine pancreas

25
Q

Describe glands in terms of epithelium

A

Invagination of epithelium, specialised for secretion

26
Q

Which gland,mucous or serous, stain with H&E and what colour?

A

Serous-pink (eosinophilic)

27
Q

How can you confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using sweat?

A

Sweat is abnormally salty in CF sufferers
Due to absence of CFTR, there is poor reabsorption of chloride ions
Sweat rich in chloride and sodium

28
Q

How does CF cause pancreatitis?

A
  • secretions if exocrine pancreas contain little water and so blocks ducts
  • pancreas becomes inflamed and fibrotic
29
Q

What does a serous membrane consist of?

A
  • simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) which secretes a watery lubricating fluid=friction free movement of structures it surrounds
  • thin layer of connective tissue which attaches epithelium to adjacent tissues

ToB (15 decks)

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