session 2 Flashcards
aden/o-
gland
adip/o-
fat
anter/o-
before; front
caud/o-
lower part of body; tail
cephal/o-
head
cyt/o- or -cyte
cell
end- or endo-
in; within; inside
exo-
out of; outside; away from
hist/o- or histi/o-
tissue
-ologist
specialist
-ology
the science or study of
path/o- or -pathy
disease; suffering; feeling; emotion
plasi/i- or plas/o- or -plasia
development; growth; formation
poster/o-
behind; toward the back
-stasis or -static
control; maintenance of a constant level
abdominal cavity
(ab-DOM-ih-nal)
- contains primarily the major organs of digestion. This cavity is frequently referred to simply as the abdomen
adenectomy
(ad-eh-NECK-toh-mee)
- the surgical removal of a gland
adenocarcinoma
(ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-NOH-mah)
- a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
adenoma
(ad-eh-NOH-mah)
- a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
adenomalacia
(ad-eh-noh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)
- the abnormal softening of a gland
adenosclerosis
(ad-eh-noh-skleh-ROH-sis)
- the abnormal hardening of a gland
anaplasia
(an-ah-PLAY-zee-ah)
- a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
- the abnormal cell development is characteristic of tumor formation in cancers
anatomy
(ah-NAT-oh-mee)
- Study of the structures of the body
anomaly
(ah-NOM-ah-lee)
- a deviation from what is regarded as normal
anterior
(an-TEER-ee-or)
- situated in the front
- front or forward part of an organ
-ex: stomach is located anterior to the pancreas
aplasia
(ah-PLAY-zee-ah)
- the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
blood-borne transmission
- is the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood.
- Ex: HIV, Hep B, and most STDs
caudal
(KAW-dal)
- toward the lower part of the body
cephalic
(seh-FAL-ick)
- toward the head
chromosomes
(KROH-moh-sohmes)
- the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell
communicable disease
(kuh-MEW-nih-kuh-bul)
- contagious disease
- any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
- communicable: means capable of being transmitted
congenital disorder
(kon-JEN-ih-tahl)
- an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
cytoplasm
(SIGH-toh-plazm)
- the material within the cell membrane that is NOT part of the nucleus
distal
(DIS-tal)
- situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
dorsal
(DOR-sal)
- refers to the back of the organ or body
dysplasia
(dis-PLAY-see-ah)
- the abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
endemic
(en-DEM-ick)
- refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
endocrine glands
(EN-doh-krin)
- produce hormones, do not have ducts
- the hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream, and are then transported to organs and structures throughout the body
epidemic
(ep-ih-DEM-ick)
- a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
epigastric region
(ep-ih-GAS-trick)
- located above the stomach
etiology
(ee-tee-OL-oh-jee)
- the study of the causes of diseases
exocrine glands
(ECK-soh-krin)
- secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, such as sweat glands
functional disorder
- produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
genetic disorder
- hereditary disorder
- a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
- ex: Cystic fibrosis, down syndrome, hemophilia, huntington’s disease, muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria, tay-sach’s
geriatrician
(jer-ee-ah-TRISH-un)
- a physician who specializes in the care of older people
hemophilia
(hee-moh-FILL-ee-ah)
- a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. This blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury.
histology
(hiss-TOL-oh-jee)
- the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
- histologist
homeostasis
(hoh-mee-oh-STAY-sis)
- the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
hyperplasia
(high-per-PLAY-zee-ah)
- the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
hypertrophy
(high-PER-troh-fee)
- a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues
hypogastric region
(high-poh-GAS-trick)
- is located below the stomach
hypoplasia
(high-poh-PLAY-zee-ah)
- the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
iatrogenic illiness
(eye-at-roh-JEN-ick)
- an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
idiopathic disorder
(id-ee-oh-PATH-ick)
- an illness without known cause
infectious disease
(in-FECK-shus)
- an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
inguinal
(ING-gwih-nal)
- means relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
medial
(MEE-dee-al)
- direction toward, or nearer, the midline
- ex: distal end of the humerus forms part of the elbow
mesentery
(MESS-en-terr-ee)
- a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
mid-sagittal plane
(mid-SADJ-ih-tal)
- midline
- The sagittal plane that divides the body into EQUAL left and right halves
nosocomial infection
(nos-oh-KOH-mee-al)
- a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
- ex: MRSA
pandemic
(pan-DEM-ick)
- refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
pelvic cavity
(PEL-vick)
- is the space formed by the hip bones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
peritoneum
(pehr-ih-toh-NEE-um)
- a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
peritonitis
(pehr-ih-toh-NIGH-tis)
- is inflammation of the peritoneum
phenylketonuria
(fen-il-kee-toh-NEW-ree-ah)
- A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase, is missing.
- This is commonly known as PKU
- PKU can be detected by a blood test performed on infants at birth. With careful dietary supervision, children born with PKU can lead normal lives. Without early detection and treatment, PKU causes severe mental retardation
physiology
(fiz-ee-OL-oh-jee)
- The study of the functions of the structures of the body
posterior
(pos-TEER-ee-or)
- situated in the back
- means the back part of an organ
-ex: pancreas is located posterior to the stomach
proximal
(PROCK-sih-mal)
- situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
- ex: the proximal end of the humerus forms part of the shoulder
retroperitoneal
(ret-roh-pehr-ih-toh-NEE-al)
- means located behind the peritoneum
- Ex: the location of the kidneys are retroperitoneal with one on each side of the spinal column
stem cells
- unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
thoracic cavity
(thoh-RAS-ick)
- also known as the chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs
- the diaphragm is a muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
transverse plane
(trans-VERSE)
- a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions
umbilicus
(um-BILL-ih-kus)
- surrounds the umbilicus (belly button)
vector-borne transmission
- the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector
ventral
(VEN-tral)
- refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body
sagittal plane
(SADJ-ih-tal)
- a vertical plane that divides the body into UNEQUAL left and right portions
frontal plane
- a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions
superior
- uppermost; above; or toward the head
inferior
- lowermost; below; or toward the feet
lateral
- the direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline
- ex: the lateral ligament of the knee is near the side of the leg
parietal peritoneum
- the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
visceral peritoneum
- the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
retroperitoneal
- means located behind the peritoneum
adenosis
(ad-eh-NOH-sis)
- any disease or condition of a gland
geriatric
(jer-ee-AT-ricks)
- the study of the medical problems and care of older people
