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MT Module 1 > session 2 > Flashcards

session 2 Flashcards

1
Q

aden/o-

A

gland

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2
Q

adip/o-

A

fat

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3
Q

anter/o-

A

before; front

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4
Q

caud/o-

A

lower part of body; tail

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5
Q

cephal/o-

A

head

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6
Q

cyt/o- or -cyte

A

cell

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7
Q

end- or endo-

A

in; within; inside

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8
Q

exo-

A

out of; outside; away from

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9
Q

hist/o- or histi/o-

A

tissue

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10
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

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11
Q

-ology

A

the science or study of

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12
Q

path/o- or -pathy

A

disease; suffering; feeling; emotion

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13
Q

plasi/i- or plas/o- or -plasia

A

development; growth; formation

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14
Q

poster/o-

A

behind; toward the back

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15
Q

-stasis or -static

A

control; maintenance of a constant level

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16
Q

abdominal cavity

A

(ab-DOM-ih-nal)

  • contains primarily the major organs of digestion. This cavity is frequently referred to simply as the abdomen
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17
Q

adenectomy

A

(ad-eh-NECK-toh-mee)

  • the surgical removal of a gland
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18
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

(ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-NOH-mah)

  • a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
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19
Q

adenoma

A

(ad-eh-NOH-mah)

  • a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
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20
Q

adenomalacia

A

(ad-eh-noh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)

  • the abnormal softening of a gland
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21
Q

adenosclerosis

A

(ad-eh-noh-skleh-ROH-sis)

  • the abnormal hardening of a gland
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22
Q

anaplasia

A

(an-ah-PLAY-zee-ah)

  • a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
  • the abnormal cell development is characteristic of tumor formation in cancers
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23
Q

anatomy

A

(ah-NAT-oh-mee)

  • Study of the structures of the body
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24
Q

anomaly

A

(ah-NOM-ah-lee)

  • a deviation from what is regarded as normal
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25
Q

anterior

A

(an-TEER-ee-or)

  • situated in the front
  • front or forward part of an organ

-ex: stomach is located anterior to the pancreas

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26
Q

aplasia

A

(ah-PLAY-zee-ah)

  • the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
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27
Q

blood-borne transmission

A
  • is the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood.
  • Ex: HIV, Hep B, and most STDs
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28
Q

caudal

A

(KAW-dal)

  • toward the lower part of the body
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29
Q

cephalic

A

(seh-FAL-ick)

  • toward the head
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30
Q

chromosomes

A

(KROH-moh-sohmes)

  • the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell
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31
Q

communicable disease

A

(kuh-MEW-nih-kuh-bul)

  • contagious disease
  • any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
  • communicable: means capable of being transmitted
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32
Q

congenital disorder

A

(kon-JEN-ih-tahl)

  • an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
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33
Q

cytoplasm

A

(SIGH-toh-plazm)

  • the material within the cell membrane that is NOT part of the nucleus
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34
Q

distal

A

(DIS-tal)

  • situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
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35
Q

dorsal

A

(DOR-sal)

  • refers to the back of the organ or body
36
Q

dysplasia

A

(dis-PLAY-see-ah)

  • the abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
37
Q

endemic

A

(en-DEM-ick)

  • refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
38
Q

endocrine glands

A

(EN-doh-krin)

  • produce hormones, do not have ducts
  • the hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream, and are then transported to organs and structures throughout the body
39
Q

epidemic

A

(ep-ih-DEM-ick)

  • a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
40
Q

epigastric region

A

(ep-ih-GAS-trick)

  • located above the stomach
41
Q

etiology

A

(ee-tee-OL-oh-jee)

  • the study of the causes of diseases
42
Q

exocrine glands

A

(ECK-soh-krin)

  • secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, such as sweat glands
43
Q

functional disorder

A
  • produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
44
Q

genetic disorder

A
  • hereditary disorder
  • a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
  • ex: Cystic fibrosis, down syndrome, hemophilia, huntington’s disease, muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria, tay-sach’s
45
Q

geriatrician

A

(jer-ee-ah-TRISH-un)

  • a physician who specializes in the care of older people
46
Q

hemophilia

A

(hee-moh-FILL-ee-ah)

  • a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. This blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury.
47
Q

histology

A

(hiss-TOL-oh-jee)

  • the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
  • histologist
48
Q

homeostasis

A

(hoh-mee-oh-STAY-sis)

  • the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
49
Q

hyperplasia

A

(high-per-PLAY-zee-ah)

  • the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
50
Q

hypertrophy

A

(high-PER-troh-fee)

  • a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues
51
Q

hypogastric region

A

(high-poh-GAS-trick)

  • is located below the stomach
52
Q

hypoplasia

A

(high-poh-PLAY-zee-ah)

  • the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
53
Q

iatrogenic illiness

A

(eye-at-roh-JEN-ick)

  • an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
54
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

(id-ee-oh-PATH-ick)

  • an illness without known cause
55
Q

infectious disease

A

(in-FECK-shus)

  • an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
56
Q

inguinal

A

(ING-gwih-nal)

  • means relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
57
Q

medial

A

(MEE-dee-al)

  • direction toward, or nearer, the midline
  • ex: distal end of the humerus forms part of the elbow
58
Q

mesentery

A

(MESS-en-terr-ee)

  • a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
59
Q

mid-sagittal plane

A

(mid-SADJ-ih-tal)

  • midline
  • The sagittal plane that divides the body into EQUAL left and right halves
60
Q

nosocomial infection

A

(nos-oh-KOH-mee-al)

  • a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
  • ex: MRSA
61
Q

pandemic

A

(pan-DEM-ick)

  • refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
62
Q

pelvic cavity

A

(PEL-vick)

  • is the space formed by the hip bones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
63
Q

peritoneum

A

(pehr-ih-toh-NEE-um)

  • a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
64
Q

peritonitis

A

(pehr-ih-toh-NIGH-tis)

  • is inflammation of the peritoneum
65
Q

phenylketonuria

A

(fen-il-kee-toh-NEW-ree-ah)

  • A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase, is missing.
  • This is commonly known as PKU
  • PKU can be detected by a blood test performed on infants at birth. With careful dietary supervision, children born with PKU can lead normal lives. Without early detection and treatment, PKU causes severe mental retardation
66
Q

physiology

A

(fiz-ee-OL-oh-jee)

  • The study of the functions of the structures of the body
67
Q

posterior

A

(pos-TEER-ee-or)

  • situated in the back
  • means the back part of an organ

-ex: pancreas is located posterior to the stomach

68
Q

proximal

A

(PROCK-sih-mal)

  • situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
  • ex: the proximal end of the humerus forms part of the shoulder
69
Q

retroperitoneal

A

(ret-roh-pehr-ih-toh-NEE-al)

  • means located behind the peritoneum
  • Ex: the location of the kidneys are retroperitoneal with one on each side of the spinal column
70
Q

stem cells

A
  • unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
71
Q

thoracic cavity

A

(thoh-RAS-ick)

  • also known as the chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs
  • the diaphragm is a muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
72
Q

transverse plane

A

(trans-VERSE)

  • a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions
73
Q

umbilicus

A

(um-BILL-ih-kus)

  • surrounds the umbilicus (belly button)
74
Q

vector-borne transmission

A
  • the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector
75
Q

ventral

A

(VEN-tral)

  • refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body
76
Q

sagittal plane

A

(SADJ-ih-tal)

  • a vertical plane that divides the body into UNEQUAL left and right portions
77
Q

frontal plane

A
  • a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions
78
Q

superior

A
  • uppermost; above; or toward the head
79
Q

inferior

A
  • lowermost; below; or toward the feet
80
Q

lateral

A
  • the direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline
  • ex: the lateral ligament of the knee is near the side of the leg
81
Q

parietal peritoneum

A
  • the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
82
Q

visceral peritoneum

A
  • the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
83
Q

retroperitoneal

A
  • means located behind the peritoneum
84
Q

adenosis

A

(ad-eh-NOH-sis)

  • any disease or condition of a gland
85
Q

geriatric

A

(jer-ee-AT-ricks)

  • the study of the medical problems and care of older people

MT Module 1 (4 decks)

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