ch 3 for a different module Flashcards
ankyl/o-
crooked; bent; stiff
arthr/o-
joint
chondr/i- OR chondr/o-
cartilage
cost/o-
rib
crani/o-
skull
-desis
to bind; tie together
kyph/o-
bent; hump
lord/o-
curve; swayback; bent
-lysis
loosening; setting free
myel/o-
spinal cord; bone marrow
oss/e- or oss/i- or ost/o- or oste/o-
bone
scoli/o-
curved; bent
spondyl/o-
vertebrae; vertebral column; backbone
synovi/o- or synov/o-
synovial membrane; synovial fluid
-um
singular noun ending
ossification
(oss-us-fih-KAY-shun)
- skeleton begins as fragile membranes and cartilage and then turns into bone through this process of ossification
periosteum
(pehr-ee-OSS-tee-um)
- the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
compact bone
- also known as cortical bone
- is the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones
spongy bone
- known as cancellous bone
- is lighter and not as strong as compact bone
- commonly found in the ends and inner portions of long bones such as the femur
- red bone marrow is located within this spongy bone
medullary cavity
(MED-you-lehr-ee)
- is the central cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone.
- it is here that red and yellow bone marrow are stored
- medullary means pertaining to the inner section
endosteum
(en-DOS-tee-um)
- is the tissue that lines the medullary cavity
red bone marrow
- which is located within the spongy bone
- is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
hemopoietic
(hee-moh-poy-ET-ick)
- means pertaining to the formation of blood cells
- also spelled hematopoietic
yellow bone marrow
- functions as a fat storage area
- composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity of long bones
cartilage
(KAR-tih-lidj)
- the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber b/w bones
- is more elastic than bone, also makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton such as the outer ear and the tip of the nose
articular cartilage
(ar-TICK-you-lar KAR-tih-lidj)
- covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
- this cartilage makes smooth joint movement possible and protects the bones from rubbing against each other
meniscus
(meh-NIS-kus)
- the curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw
diaphysis
(dye-AF-ih-sis)
- is the shaft of a long bone
epiphyses
(ep-PIF-ih-seez)
- are the wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs
- each epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage to protect it
foramen
(foh-RAY-men)
- is an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
process
- is a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon
joints
- which are also known as articulations
- are the place of union b/w two or more bones
fibrous joints
- consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together
- in adults these joints, which are also known as sutures, do not allow any movement
fontanelles
(fon-tah-NELLS)
- also known as the soft spots
- normally present on the skull of a newborn
- facilitate the passage of the infant through the birth canal
- allow for the growth of the skull during the first year
- gradually harden
cartilaginous joints
(kar-tih-LADJ-ih-nus)
- allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
- Ex: where the ribs connect to the sternum
pubic symphysis
(PEW-bick SIM-fih-sis)
- allows some movement to facilitate childbirth
- located b/w the pubic nones in the front of the pelvis
synovial joint
(sih-NOH-vee-al)
- is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions
synovial capsule
- the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint
synovial membrane
- lines that capsule and secretes synovial fluid
synovial fluid
- which flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible
ligaments
(LIG-ah-mentz)
- are bands of fibrous tissue that forms joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage
bursa
(BER-sah)
- is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction
- Ex: shoulder, elbow, knee joint
