Session 11 - Lecture 1 (Cancers) Flashcards
1
Cancers of the repro system
Histopathology
2 - Objectives (1)
ENDOMETRIUM • Pathological features • Epidemiology • Aetiology • Presentation • Prognosis
VULVA • Pathological features • Epidemiology • Aetiology – HPV? • Presentation • Spread
MYOMETRIUM • Pathological features • Epidemiology • Aetiology • Presentation • Prognosis
CERVIX • Pathological features • Epidemiology • Aetiology – HPV? • Presentation • CIN and screening • Invasive cancer • Treatment and vaccination
{male and female tumours of repro tract. Tumours can arise anywhere, lectures divided anatomically.
Need to know subtypes as well - also concept of pre-invasive disease e.g. dysplasia VIN?, CIN, and HPV particularly in cervical cancers but other cancers as well
dysplasia - stage preceeding cancer
CIN}
3 - Objectives (2)
Objectives (2) OVARY • Pathological features • Epidemiology • Presentation • Prognosis - Germ cell - Germ cell tumours - Epithelial layer - Epithelial cell tumours - Mature follicle - Stromal cell tumours - Stroma
TESTES • Classification of tumours - Ductus deferens - Head (caput epididymidis) - Efferent ductules - Rete testis - Body (corpus epididymidis) - Tail (cauda epididymidis) - Stragiht tubule - Seminiferous tubule - Testis
{100s of tumour subtypes so won’t have time to go into those in any great detail – we’ll try and give you a framework of classification – to embellish as much or as little as you want}
4 - Vulval Cancers
Vulval Cancers
Uncommon
- 3% of all female cancers
- 1,339 new cases in 2015
Males Females - Breast - Prostate - Lung - Bowel - Melanoma Skin Cancer - Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - Kidney - Head and Neck - Brain, Other CNS & Intracranial Tumours - Bladder - Pancreas - Leukaemia - Oesophagus - Uterus - Cancer of Unknown Primary - Ovary - Stomach - Liver - Myeloma - Thyroid - Other sites 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000
{vulva = external female genitalia, composed of labia majora, minora, Bartholin’s glands etc.
UNCOMMON - don’t even get their own subtype within top 20 cancers, won’t spend too long on}
5 - Vulval Cancers Epidemiology
Vulval Cancers
Tends to arise in OLDER women
Female Cases
Female Rate
Average Number of New Cases per Year 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Age at Diagnosis 0 to 04 05 to 09 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49 50 to 54 55 to 59 60 to 64 65 to 69 70 to 74 75 to 79 80 to 84 85 to 89 90+
Incidence Rare per 100,000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
