Session 1 - Lecture 0 - Intro Flashcards
1 - Skip
Reproductive System Unit
2 - What is reproduction? (Definition)
What is reproduction?
Definition :
1) The action or process of copying something
2) The production of offspring by a sexual or asexual process
BUT…….
“Oxford dictionary standard def.
But they don’t cover that Reproduction is amazing!”
3 - How is every single one of us unique?
Reproduction is responsible for creating each unique individual within this room
[different skin colours, hair colours, eye colours, face shapes, sex etc.]
4 - How did reproduction make us unique?
One set of chromosomes from our mothers
One set of chromosomes from our fathers
But these are changed even before we are conceived
[Img of 20 identical chromosomes and then X + Y or X
Y is much smaller than X]
“46 chromosomes – 1 set of 23 from mum and 1 set of 23 from Dad and an X or Y chromosome from Dad, and those 2 determine your sex – when it comes to actual act of reproduction when 2 sets of gametes come together, an egg or a sperm, even before they come together, something q unique happens, and there is changes in our DNA even before we are conceived”
5 - Draw a simple diagram depicting meiosis
A b 1a a B 1b --DNA Duplication--> AAbb 1a aaBB 1b --> homologous crossover --> A b A B a b a B recombinants Link to MCBG
“And you’ll have come across this process in homologous recombination when you did MCBG last year – so if you remember, we’ve got 23 pairs of chromosomes that are all homologous: that means, they code for the same – if you take a pair 1a and 1b – they both code for the same genes: that does not mean their DNA is the same, but they code for the same genes. So for examples if on chromosome 1a gene A codes for eye colour, and we say A is brown and a is blue, then which one you get determines your eye colour. But then we get DNA duplication and we get this lovely X shape – mainly chromosomes are single stranded, the lovely duplication – 1a and 1b, they then line up on spindle fibres, and something v unique happens during prophase I, they can actually cross over – bits of DNA exchanged between 2 homologous chromosomes – you don’t have to be taking notes on this, just trying to illustrate the fun and uniqueness of repro. After you’ve had this homologous crossover – could potentially get any one of these 4 chromosomes handed down to you. So if you got this one – big A and big B – this will make them unique to you – neither your siblings or parents have the same one, so that’s what makes them unique – so just to show you, use these symbols and will use these in thr workbook – these are where we’re showing you links to things you’ve done in the past or are currently doing.”
6 - Asexual reproduction
Why go to this trouble?
Asexual reproduction – a perfectly adequate system of reproduction?
[jellyfish, bacteria (E. coli?), sand dollar, shark, strawberries
- reverse image search]
“Why go to the trouble of sexual reproduction, for all these organisms here, asexual reproduction is q adequate, it does the job – so why bother going through the trouble of sexual reproduction?”
7 - Why do we need sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is great for evolving and adapting to changing conditions
Is this the future?
[robots, technological face camera eye]
“Well, it’s great for evolving and gr8 for adapting to changing conditions we have in our world. The thing is, the q is, what is the future of repro, what are we going to evolve into? Is this the future?
Perhaps this?
Or even something like this? Or perhaps even hands that become phones – that’s for the future.”
8 - What is included in this unit?
What is included in this unit?
The beginning to the end of reproductive life
[chicken: it was ME right?
egg: uh…… NO?]
“Debbie has given you an intro into just the concept of repro – our job as unit leads is to take you through the journey from the beginning to the end of repro – can think of it as that – i.e. chicken and egg = adults and embryos.”
9 - ‘The Chicken’
‘The Chicken’ • Anatomy & histology • Embryology (reproductive system) • Gametogenesis • The beginning of reproductive life – Puberty – Endocrine control (menstrual cycle) • Infection & malignancy • Menopause
“1. male & female anatomy & histology important in facilitating that process
- Not going to cover things we did in BL but we remind you of that when doing repro embryology – specifically think about how we develop a repro system – before we are born, our body is already thinking about how we are going to make you. Interestingly, old days – used to think it was like Russian dolls! Cover some of that in terms of origins of where repro tract comes from.
- how we create gametes and sperm
4a. children cannot reproduce, almost like a switch that occurs, like a repro system – at that time you are then able to reproduce
4b. and one really key concept in that is how that’s controlled in an endocrine – so we think about why is it that men need to be producing sperm all the time, and why is it that we have a menstrual cycle for women, and all the details and intricacies for that for the precious egg carrying on for implantation. Understanding menstrual cycle in particular, unlocks all sorts of understanding such as problems with fertility, or contraception influencing hormonal cycle on and off. - Specific infections covering Repro tract and malignancy – specifically about certain cancers and infections
- come to end of repro life and think about menopause and impact that can happen on women – can cause unpleasant symptoms”
10 - ‘The Egg’
‘The Egg’ • Fertilisation & implantation – Fertility & contraception • Fetal development & wellbeing • Physiology of pregnancy • Labour • Post-natal period
“1. After we produce these gametes, what happens when they meet, when they fertilise, and the process of implantation – just how incredible that process is –talked about this with endocrine control – issues with fertilisation and implanation can even be affected
1a. can influence by way of contraception.
2. Assuming it’s successfully occurred, can think about foetal dvlpmnt and wellbeing
3. understand normal physiology and adaptations – think about that with mum, to help her as she’s carrying this baby
4. how that’s then delivered through process of labour, and other products of conception like the placenta, that needs to be delivered to
5. immediate post-natal period: after Mum has given birth – important to think about for the neonate, the baby, important to consider such as lactations and delivery.”
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