Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular System > Session 11 - Haemodynamic Shock > Flashcards

Session 11 - Haemodynamic Shock Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemodynamic shock?

A

Acute condition of inadequate blood flow leading to catastrophic fall in arterial blood pressure leading to circulatory shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 2 factors that can lead to shock?

A

Fall in cardiac output

Fall in peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 3 possible causes of fall in cardiac output?

A

Mechanical - Pump cannot fill
Pump failure
Loss of blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a cause of fall in peripheral resistance?

A

Excessive vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 3 types of shock due to fall in cardiac output?

A

Cardiogenic shock
Mechanical shock
Hypovolaemic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cardiogenic shock?

A

Acute failure of the heart to maintain cardiac output = pump failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 3 potential causes of cardiogenic shock?

A

MI
Arrythmias
Acute worsening of heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does cardiogenic shock occur?

A

Heart fills but fails to pump effectively, increasing central venous pressure and decreasing cardiac output, leading to dramatic drop in arterial blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

Unresponsivenesas associated with lack of pulse as heart has stopped or is not pumping effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 3 forms of cardiac arrest?

A

Asystole - no electrical or mechanical activity
Pulseless electrical activity
Ventricular fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 3 ways to treat cardiac arrest?

A

Basic life support
Advanced life support
Adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 2 factors of basic life support?

A

Chest compressions

External validation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is advanced life support?

A

Defibrillation - delivering electric current to heart, depolarizing all cells and putting them into refractory period and allowing uncoordinated electrical activity to restart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does adrenaline treat cardiac arrest?

A

Enhances myocardial function and increases peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is mechanical shock / cardiac tamponade?

A

Blood or fluid build up in pericardial space, restricting filling of heart and limiting end diastolic volume, resulting in high central venous pressure but low arterial blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does pulmonary embolism lead to mechanical shock?

A

Occlude pulmonary artery, right ventricle cannot empty so central venous pressure is very high, reducing return of blood to left heart, left heart cannot fill, so low arterial blood pressure leading to shock

17
Q

How can an embolus reach the lungs?

A

Deep vein thrombosis, part of thrombus breaks off, travels in venous system to right heart, pumped out via pulmonary artery to lungs,

18
Q

What is hypovolaemic shock?

A

Reduced blood volume commonly due to haemorrhage

19
Q

How does the body compensate during hypovolaemic shock?

A

Drop in arterial pressure detected by baroreceptors, increases sympathetic stimulation, tachycardia + increased force of contraction, peripheral vasoconstriction

20
Q

What are 2 longer term responses to restore blood volume?

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone syste,

Anti diuretic hormone

21
Q

What is distributive shock?

A

Low resistance shock - profound peripheral vasodilation reduces total peripheral resistance

22
Q

What are 2 types of distributive shock?

A

Toxic shock

Anaphylactic shock

23
Q

What is toxic shock?

A

Endotoxins released by circulating bacteria causes profound inflammatory response, profound vasodilation, dramatic fall in TPR, fall in arterial pressure, impairing perfusion of vital organs, capillaries become leaky hence reduces blood volume

24
Q

What are 5 signs or symptoms of hypovolaemic shock?

A 
Tachycardia
Weak pulse
Pale skin
Cold clammy extremities
Decreased CVP
25
Q

What are 2 symptoms or signs of septic shock?

A

Tachycardia
Warm red extremities
P

26
Q

What is anaphylactic shock?

A

Shock caused by severe allergic reaction

27
Q

How does anaphylaxis cause anaphylactic shock?

A

Release of histamine from mast cells causes fall in TPR, causing dramatic drop in arterial sure, impaired perfusion of vital organs

28
Q

What are 4 signs or symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A

Difficulty breathing
Collapsed
Rapid heart rate
Red warm extremities

29
Q

How to treat anaphylactic shock?

A

Adrenaline causes vasoconstriction via action at alpha1 adrenoceptors

Cardiovascular System (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions