Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

732 > Session 10_Respiratory System and Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Session 10_Respiratory System and Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

What is emphysema?

A

lung condition characterized by an abnormal, permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles accompanied by destruction of their walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are people with emphysema short of breath?

A

(irreversible alveolar damage resulting in loss of elastic recoil and the normal tethering of the alveolar, which renders the lung parenchyma excessively compliant and floppy. Excessive distension and dilatation of the terminal bronchioles and destruction of alveoli reduce the surface area for gas exchange. –> diffusing capacity is reduced.
Dead space in lungs and TLC increase.
Breathing at normal tidal volume, the pts airways close beyond the degree normally occurring with aging, contributing to ventilation and per-fusion mismatch and hypoxemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes emphysema?

A

prolonged history of smoking and chronic bronchitis. indicates significant irreversible lung damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diffusion =

A

process of randomly moving molecules making their way back and forth across the respiratory membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What determines movement of gases?

A

concentration; high –> low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dalton’s law of PP =

A

Ptotal = P1+ P2+ P3.. etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of motion does diffusion require?

A

molecular motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What gases are in the atmospheric pressure?

A

oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much oxygen is in the atmospheric pressure?

A

20.84% of 760mmHg = (158.384mmHg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much nitrogen is in the atmospheric pressure?

A

78.62% of 760mmHg = (597.512mmHg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much carbon dioxide is in the atmospheric pressure?

A

0.04% of 760mmHg = (.304mmHg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How much water is in the atmospheric pressure?

A

0.5% of 760mmHg = (3.8mmHg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pressure creates a ___________ impact on the surface

A

molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Partital pressure =

A

multiple gases in air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Each gas exerts a pressure (partial pressure of whole); rate of diffusion is directly related to:

A

partial pressure of a gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Total pressure at sea level =

A

760mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gases dissolved in fluids continue to:

A

exert forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Partial pressure of a gas in fluid is determined by:

A
  • concentration

* solubility coefficient of the gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

solubility coefficient of the gas is related to the partial pressure which is equal to =

A

concentration of dissolved gas / (divided by) solubility coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the solubility coefficient of atmospheric O2?

A

0.024

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the solubility coefficient of CO2?

A

0.57

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alveolar gas and molecules of same gas dissolved in:

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What will be the direction of the net diffusion of the gas?

A

depends on multiple factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What factors does net rate of diffusion depend on?

A
  • pressure difference
  • solubility of the gas in the fluid
  • cross-sectional area of the fluid
  • distance the gas must diffuse
  • molecular weight of the gas
  • temperature of the fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Gas diffusion (D) is proportional to:

A

∆ P x A (cross sectional area) x S (solubility) / d (distance of diffusion) x square root of MW (molecular weight)

∆ P x A x S / d x √MW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

PP difference –>

A

PP @ arterial end and PP @ venous end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Diffusion coefficient =

A

relative rate that gases @ same PP will diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Diffusion coefficient of oxygen =

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide =

A

20.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Diffusion coefficient of carbon monoxide =

A

0.81

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Diffusion coefficient of nitrogen =

A

0.53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Diffusion coefficient of helium =

A

0.95

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Diffusion coefficients give us a method by which to:

A

interpret how gases diffuse in water and/or blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Respiratory gases are very soluble in lipids; therefore ___________________________________________.

A

Diffusion across membranes occurs relatively easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a limiting factor for the rate of diffusion?

A

through tissue water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Rate of diffusion through tissues ≈

A

diffusion through water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

O2 is constantly being:

A

constantly being absorbed from alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

CO2 is constantly being:

A

constantly diffusing from blood into alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

In H2O,

A

air is humidified in respiratory tract (water vaporizes) AND PH2O at body temperature = 47mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What makes the concentrations different between atmospheric air and alveolar air differ?

A

O2, CO2, H2O, and N2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

N2 makes up the balance of total atmospheric air at :

A

760mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Can alveolar air be higher than atmospheric air?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Know slide 16

A

Know slide 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

At what location is N2 highest?

A

in atmospheric air, @ 597mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

At what location is O2 highest?

A

in atmospheric air, @ 159mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

At what location is CO2 highest?

A

in alveolar air, @ 40mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

At what location is H20 highest?

A

same in humidified, alveolar and expired air, @ 47mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

At what location is N2 lowest?

A

in humidified air @ 563.4 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

At what location is O2 lowest?

A

in alveolar air @ 104 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

At what location is CO2 lowest?

A

in atmospheric and humidified air, @ 0.3 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

At what location is H20 lowest?

A

in atmospheric air, @ 3.7mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

We get partial replacement of alveolar air when?

A

with each breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

New air into alveoli with each breath ≈

A

305ml (same amount of old air expired)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

_____ alveolar air replaced by new air each breath.

A

1/7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the significance of alveolar air replacement?

A

to maintain balance of O2 and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Alveolar oxygen concentration is controlled by:

A

rate of absorption AND rate of oxygen entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Rate of absorption by pulmonary capillaries =

A

amount leaving the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Rate of oxygen entry into alveoli via ventilation =

A

amount entering the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

PO2 in alveoli can never exceed?

A

149mmHg at sea level (if individual is breathing normal atmospheric air)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Why can’t alveoli exceed 149 mmHg???

A

??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Explain figure on slide 19

A

Explain figure on slide 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Know figure on slide 20

A

Know figure on slide 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

In the respiratory membrane, diffusion of gases occurs very rapidly: large surface area of respiratory membrane with _________ amount of ________ spread throughout

A

small

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

At the respiratory membrane, what size diameter are the pulmonary capillaries?

A

small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

In the respiratory membranes gases travel from _______________________________.

A

one capillary to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane is similar to:

A

diffusion of gases through water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane is affected by:
• _______________ of membrane
• _______________of respiratory membrane
• _______________ coefficient
• _______________ difference across the membrane

A
  • THICKNESS of membrane
  • SURFACE AREA of respiratory membrane
  • DIFFUSION coefficient
  • PRESSURE difference across the membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is the respiratory membrane’s diffusion capacity?

A

volume of a gas that will diffuse through the membrane each minute for a partial pressure difference of 1 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

see slide 24

A

see slide 24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Va / Q normal =

A

Va for an alveolus is normal and Q is normal for the same alveolus
(4/5) = 0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Va/Q (0/5) =

A

(0/5) =0
Va is zero and there is blood flow
ex: holding breath // not breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Va/Q (4/0) =

A

(4/0) = ∞

Va (breathing) is adequate and there is no blood flow (ex: short lives situation –> ischemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Va =

Q =

A

ventilation

perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Does gas exchange occur if ratio is zero or infinity?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

every 4 part air / _____ parts blood

A

5

76
Q

What 2 factors determine the PO2 and PCO2 in the alveoli?

A
  1. how fast brining in air; respiratory rate

2. rate of transfer across respiratory membrane

77
Q

What is the ventilation ratio?

A

4 O2 / 5 blood = 0.8

78
Q

What is the main drive behind gas exchange?

A

???

79
Q

PO2 in alveoli ~

A

104mmHg

80
Q

PCO2 in alveoli ~

A

40mmHg

81
Q

What is the PO2 in venous blood of pulmonary capillary at its arterial end?

A

40mmHg

82
Q

What is the PCO2 in venous blood of pulmonary capillary at its arterial end?

A

~45mmHg

83
Q

What is the drive behind O2 diffusion from alveoli to capillaries?

A

pressure difference

84
Q

Pulmonary diffusion (alevoli –> capillary) at rest occurs in the first ____________________.

A

1/3 of the capillary length

85
Q

Diffusion of O2 at interstitial fluid :

A

internal respiration

86
Q

PO2 in interstitial fluid surrounding the tissue cells at about what?

A

~40mmHg

87
Q

Which direction will O2 brought by the capillaries move?

Why?

A

??? (leaving alveolar capillaries, O2 will be exhaled at PO2 120mmHg)

???

88
Q

What will the PO2 be in the venous return?

Why?

A

??? (104mmHg; blood leaving alveolar capillaries)

??? (in lungs the blood is re-oxygenated)

89
Q

Tissue PO2 is determined by what to rate?

A
  1. rate of O2 transport to tissues

2. rate at which O2 is used by the tissues

90
Q

What do the bronchial arteries supply?

A

Supply deep tissues of lungs and do not come into contact with lung air (- returned via pulmonary veins)

91
Q

What is the result when this blood returns to the left atrium?

A

??? (it is oxygenated blood that then is pushed to the tissues of the rest of the body)

92
Q

shunt flow blood:

A

???
shoots past the alveolus, never comes into contact. Shunted blood PO2 40 mixes with oxygenate and drops PP to 95
… diluted 95PP actually goes out to body

93
Q

Blood that doesn’t come into contact with the lung air:

A

serves the lungs
(tiny bit of blood)
98% of blood entering left atrium from lungs has gone through alveolus, and has been oxygenated, but 2% goes to aorta via bronchial circulation

94
Q

O2 continually used to support __________ processes in the cell

A

chemical

95
Q

Interstitial fluid surrounding tissue cells: PO2 ~

A

~40mmHg

96
Q

PO2 in tissue cells =

A

5-40 mmHg (average 23mmHg)

97
Q

What is the result of PO2 in tissue cells having 5-40mmHg?

A

???

98
Q

Cells require about ___________ to support chemical processes

A

1-3 mmHg

99
Q

CO2: tissues –> _____________ –> lungs –> _____________

A

tissues –> BLOOD –> lungs –> AIR

100
Q

CO2 produced in cell when O2 used; what happens?

A

cellular CO2 rises

101
Q

The pattern of diffusion and transport from tissue cell to alveoli follow same reasoning as O2 in:

A

opposite direction

102
Q

CO2 diffuses much more __________ than O2, whY?

A

rapidly

solubility

103
Q

Therefore, less ____________________ needed to cause CO2 diffusion than O2 diffusion

A

pressure difference

104
Q

intracellular PCO2 =

A

46 mmHg

105
Q

Interstitial PCO2 =

A

45mmHg

106
Q

Venous end of tissue capillary PCO2 =

A

45mmHg

107
Q

Arterial end of pulmonary capillary PCO2 =

A

45mmHg

108
Q

PCO2 of alveolar air =

A

40mmHg

109
Q

Venous end of pulmonary capillary PCO2 =

A

40mmHg

110
Q

Decrease in blood flow at tissue interstitial fluid increases:

A

PCO2 in the fluid

111
Q

Increase in blood flow at tissue interstitial fluid =

A

decreases PCO2 in fluid

112
Q

Increase in metabolism increases interstitial:

A

fluid PCO2 at all blood flow levels [decreases has opposite effect]

113
Q

True or false: Blood flow affects PP.

A

True

114
Q

Hemoglobin transports ~97% of O2 from lungs to tissues, how is the rest carried?

A

Rest is carried in H20 of plasma and RBCs

115
Q

Hemoglobin and O2 transport allows transport of ___________ the amount of O2 than if O2 was transported as dissolved gas in ________________________.

A

30-100x

gas in water of the blood

116
Q

With exercise are you increasing or decreasing the hemoglobin affinity for O2?

A

decreasing

-so O2 can pop off onto the tissues

117
Q

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve illustrates % of hemoglobin saturated by:

A

oxygen at any given point along transport route

118
Q

PO2 has direct effect on O2 ___________ capacity

A

binding

119
Q

PO2 high, O2 binds with:

A

hemoglobin

120
Q

PO2 high, O2 binds with hemoglobin [when should this happen?]

A

???

121
Q

PO2 low, O2 is releases from hemoglobin [example?]

A

???

122
Q

Where in the body would you consider to be 100% saturated by oxygen?

A

lungs

123
Q

At tissue level, what is the hemoglobin saturation level?

A

75% (low)

124
Q

What is demonstrated on oxy-hemoglobin curve?

A

percent saturation of Hgb

125
Q

In lungs with 100mmHg PO2, what is the percent O2 saturation?

A

100%

126
Q

In tissues with 40mmHg PO2, what is the percent O2 saturation?

A

75%

127
Q

If lungs have 20 mlO2 and tissue have 15mlO2 –> unloaded:

A

5mlO2 / 100ml bood

128
Q

O2 leaving the lungs has PP of ~_____.

A

95mmHg (because of 2% shunted blood)

129
Q

With PO2 @ 95mmHg, have hemoglobin saturation of:

A

~97%

130
Q

O2 leaving the tissue has a PP of ~

A

~40mmHg

131
Q

With a PO2 of 40mmHg, hemoglobin saturation is ~___.

A

75%

132
Q

15 grams of Hgb can carry _________ O2 in 100ml blood (if Hgb is 100% saturated)

A

20ml

133
Q

Normal conditions : With 97% Hgb saturation in arterial blood, ________ ml O2 carried to the tissue.

A

19.4ml

134
Q

Leaving the tissues with ~14.4ml O2, what is the PO2 % Hgb saturation at this point?

A

???? about 70% -75%

Thereforre, ~5ml O2 left in the tissues per 100ml blood

135
Q

Increased O2 ____ with exercise.

A

use

136
Q

Interstitial fluid PO2 can drop from ___________ to ____________.

A

40mmHg to 15mmHg

137
Q

With 4.4ml O2 left in 100ml blood, net delivery of _____ml to tissues.

A

15ml

** 3x normal amount of O2 is delivered

138
Q

Combined with increased cardiac output by 6-7x norma, can get _____________________________.

A

20 fold increase in O2 delivery to tissues

139
Q

Normal O2 delivery: ____ O2 per 100 ml blood

A

5ml

requires PO2 to drop to 40mmHg (19.4ml to 14.4ml) ; Hgb releases enough O2 at a PO2 of 40mmHg for the normal 5ml of O2 to be delivered and therefore sets the upper limit on O2 partial pressure.

140
Q

With exercise, PO2 in tissues may drop to 15 mmHg; relatively small change in PO2 (___________) can cause very large additional release of ______________.

A

(40 to 15mmHg)

O2 from Hgb (20%)

141
Q

With exercise, which way does the Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociate Curve shift?

A

to the right (to the right)

142
Q

With exercise, also see ____________ of dissociation curve and get an increase in blood flow with ___________ O2.

A

steepness

decreased

(due to vasodilating of blood vessels)

143
Q

Ex –> ____PP

A

15mmHg

144
Q

True or false: There is a relative change in Tissue PO2 with variation in atmospheric [O2].

A

true

145
Q

Drop in PO2 in alveoli from 104mmHg to 60mmHg –> changes Hgb saturation from 97% to ______ (small effect) ; PO2 of tissue changes to ______mmHg

A

89%

35mmHg

146
Q

Increase PO2 to 500mmHg in alveoli - ________________________; O2 delivered to tissues and reduced PO2 to only a few mm greater than 40mmHg

A

can’t increase Hgb saturation >100%

** Demonstrates O2 buffer function of Hgb

147
Q

List 4 factors that shift the curve to the right:

A
  1. increase in blood acidity (lower pH)
  2. increase CO2
  3. Increased blood temperature
  4. Increased 2, 3-biphosphoglycerate (BPG)
148
Q

What causes a shift in the curve to the left?

A

Higher pH

149
Q

In the BOHR effect: an increase in H+ and CO2 shifts the curve to the right which enhances:

A
  • the release of O2 from Hgb in tissues, and oxygenation of blood in lungs
  • oxygenation of blood in lungs
150
Q

Bohr effect =

A

weakening of the hemoglobin-oxygen bond

i.e. O2 unloaded where it is most needed

151
Q

At the tissue capillaries, the curve shifts to the right (effect of exercise on dissociation), what is the overall affect?

A

??? more oxygen available to tissues, less in Hgb??

152
Q

The shift in the curve seen during EX are due to:

A
  • increased CO2 produced
  • increased [H+] in muscle capillary blood
  • increased temperature of blood
153
Q

At the lungs, curve shifts to the left - what is the overall effect?

A

red blood (Hgb) cells do not have enough O2.

154
Q

Normall, PO2, of >__mmHg is sufficient for cellular reactions

A

1mmHg

155
Q

ATP –> ADP, ADP increases metabolic use of O2, releases energy, then re-converts ADP–>ATP. Limited oxygen in cells is due to:

A

limited ADP

156
Q

Diffusion limited:

A

increased distance for oxygen to travel, will take body longer to get oxygen
(increased D from capillary to cell)

** usually due to pathology

157
Q

Blood flow limited:

A

if little blood flow, not able to bring enough oxygen.

–> leads to tissue ischemia, and tissue dies.

158
Q

In carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning:

A

CO combined with Hgb in same location as O2

body is kind of tricked

159
Q

PCO of 0.4mmHg allows CO to compete with O2 in combining with ______; allows ____ of _____ to bind with CO

A

Hgb

1/2 of Hgb

160
Q

What is the lethal level of PCO?

A

0.6mmHg PCO

161
Q

Hyperbaric Rx can displace _____ with _____ on Hgb.

A

CO with O2
* administered 5% of CO2 into the system, stimulates respiratory center, breathing faster, blow off more CO2. exhale off the excess.
also gives you supplemental O2

162
Q

True or False: In carbon monoxide poisoning, show same signs and symptoms of lacking O2

A

FALSE, NOT the same signs and symptoms (color blue).

163
Q

Normal conditions of carbon dioxide transport:

A

4ml CO2 per 100ml blood is transported from the tissues to the lungs

164
Q

CO2 can be transported from tissues to lungs in various forms:

A
  • As CO2 in plasma (7%)
  • Combines with H20 to form carbonic acid in RBC
  • Carbonic acid dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
  • CO2 hooks up to Hgb
165
Q

When carbonic acid dissociates into H+ and HCO3- what happens:

A
  • H+ combines with Hgb - “buffered”

* HCO3- diffuses out of RBC into plasma (70% of CO2 transport) CI- diffuses into RBC

166
Q

learn slide 53

A

slide 53

167
Q

Carbon dioxide dissociation curve: Normal [CO2] in blood, ie., volumes percent, is 50 volumes percent:

A

(50ml CO2 per 100ml blood)

168
Q

CO2 from tissue to blood is fast (70%)

A

CO2 from tissue to blood is fast

169
Q

Carbon dioxide dissociation curve: _____ exchanged during normal blood transport

A

4ml

170
Q

Dissociation curve - normal range of blood PCO2 is 45mmHg in tissues and ________ in arterial blood.

A

40mmHg

171
Q

CO2 picked up in tissue capillaries, under normal conditions, can slightly decrease the ph from _________ (arterial blood pH) to __________.

A

7.41 to 7.37

172
Q

CO2 change acidity in blood?

A

decrease pH and increases acidity

173
Q

With release of CO2 in blood, pH returns to:

A

arterial value of 7.41

174
Q

Potentially EX will ______ PP CO2

A

decrease

175
Q

Respiratory Quotient: ratio of metabolic _____ exchange

A

gase

176
Q

RQ =

A

CO2 produced / O2 consumed

177
Q

RQ differs depending on the type of ______________________.

A

substrate metabolized (carb, fat, protein)

178
Q

RQ approximates the nutrient mixture catabolized for energy during:

A

rest and exercsie

179
Q

Precise determination of energy expenditure requires measuring both:

A

RQ and oxygen consumption

180
Q

Respiratory Exchange ration (RER) compares:

A

compares the CO2 output to O2 intake

181
Q

RQ = rate of __________ output and rate of _______ uptake

A

rate of CO2 output and rate of O2 uptake

182
Q

R changes based on fuel for body metbolism.
Carbs : R ~
Fats: R~
Mix carbs, fats, protein R~

A

Carbs : R ~ 1.00
Fats: R~ 0.7
Mix carbs, fats, protein R~ 0.85

183
Q

Can RER exceed “1”?

A

yes

184
Q

High RER quotient (>1.00) can be due to:

A
  • hyperventilation
  • exhaustive EX
  • lipogenesis
185
Q

Low RER quotient =

A

recovery from exhaustive exercise

732 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions