Session 1: Group Work Flashcards
Which structures detect muscle stretch when the tendon hammer is applied to the patellar ligament?
Muscle spindle fibres
What is the generic term for the neurone that receives information from the structures named above?
1st order afferent sensory
What is the generic term for the neurone that sends impulses to the skeletal muscle in a reflex arc?
Efferent motor fibres
In monosynaptic reflexes like the knee jerk, where is the synapse found?
Ventral horn
What spinal levels mediate the knee jerk reflex?
L3/L4 (Kick down the door)
Explain the Jendrassik manoeuvre and explain why it works.
Clench your jaw and grab your fingers and pull oppositionally.
It is mean to inhibit the brain from inhibiting the reflex arc making it easier to ellicit it.
You notice that the man’s seizure strated in his left hand but then progressively moved proximally through his upper limb. Why is this the case?
They are adjacent on the homonculus and the seizures has just moved more centrally.
In which side of the brain is there likely to be an abnormality? (It started in the left hand)
In the precentral gyrus in the right hemisphere (primary motor cortex)
What is a T1 MRI scan and how does it differe from a T2 scan?
T2 is basically T1 but inverted.
T1 shows water dark
T2 shows water bright
Desribe what can be seen. What might it be, and which tissue might it derive from?
A meningioma of the right hemisphere deriving from meningiothelial cells.
Why does gadolinium enhance the lesion?
Gad enchances blood vessels and the tumour will be highly vascular
Which structures in the cerebral hemispehre is the lesion compressing?
The frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex
A baby is born with a prominent lump on her back at the lumbar level. Her mother did not take folate supplements during her pregnancy. She appears to be neurologically normal. The lump is fluid filled and transilluminates very well.
What is the fluid present in the lump likely to be?
CSF
Why does the baby not have any neurological deficit?
Which type of spina bifida has a worse prognosis?
No neurological deficits because the baby has a meningocoele. The neural tube is still somewhat protect and does not protrude out into the cyst.
Menigomyelocoeles are worse because the neural tube is also protruding out into the cyst and vulnerable to damage.
The arrow is pointing to part of the ventricular system which is narrowed.
Which part is this?
Cerebral aqueduct
