Session 1

Question 1

What are the layers of arteries/veins?

Answer 1

• tunica externa (connective tissue)
• tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibres)
• tunic interna ( endothelium)

Question 2

What are the three layers of tissue in the heart wall?

Answer 2

1) epicardium - serous membrane
2) myocardium - middle after composed of cardiac muscle
3) endocardium - smooth inner surfaces of heart chamber.

Question 3

Where are the tricuspid and bicuspid valves?

Answer 3

Tricuspid - right side between atria and ventricles

Bicuspid - left side between atria and ventricles (sometimes called mitral)

Question 4

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

Answer 4

Plasma = fluid collected from unclothed
Serum = fluid collected from clotted blood

Question 5

How can whole blood viscosity increase?

Answer 5

Increase in red blood cells (polycythaemia)
Increase in platelets (thrombocythaemia)
Increase in white cells (leukaemia)

Question 6

What is the difference between turbulent and laminar flow?

Answer 6

Turbulent = all over the place blood flow, when the rate of blood flow gets to great or blood passes an obstruction in the vessel. 
Laminar = all layers of blood flow in a straight line

Question 7

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 7

Peak systolic pressure - end diastolic pressure

Question 8

What is the relationship between peripheral resistance and diastolic pressure?

Answer 8

Low diastolic pressure = low peripheral resistance.

High diastolic pressure = high peripheral resistance.

Question 9

Why would a patient have tachycardia, low bp and distended neck veins?

Answer 9

Tachycardia to try maintain BP which is low.

Blood unable to flow freely in heart = raised central venous pressure = distended neck veins