Session 1 Flashcards
3 effects of interstitial lung disease
alveolar capillary membrane thickened, increased diffusion distance for o2 and co2, impairs gas exchange
definition of atelectasis
complete or partial lung collapse
definition of interstitial lung disease
lung expansion difficult secondary to stiff lungs from increased collegen in alveolar walls.
definition of hypoventilation
inibility to expand chest and ventilate
definition of pneumothorax
air in the intrapleural space with loss of pleural seal
definition of respiratory distress syndrome newborn
surfactant not produced and so newborn cannot breathe effectivlet
2 conditions that make up COPD
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
effect of copd on airways
inflammation of smaller bronchi and bronchoiles causes mucus hypersecretion, reduced cilia, narrowing of airways, loss of small airways and increased surface tension
effect of emphysema on airways
abnormal widening of airways distal to terminal bronchiole. destruction of alveolar walls, inflammatory cells accumulate, protease distruction of elastin
how do bronchioles stay open in expiration
radial traction of surrounding alveolar walls on bronchioles
why does emphysema have barrell chst
lung compliance too high, causes hyper inflation of lungs
emphysema vs fibrosis
emphysema: high compliance, low elastic recoil. fibrosis= low compliance, high elastic recoil
3 causes of atelectasis
impaired surfactant production, compression, resporption
compression atelectasis
pressure on alveoli caused by excess air or fluid, abdominal obesity or post surgery
resporption collapse atelectasis
airway obstructed, air downstream of blockage absorbed into blood stream. causes alveoli collapse
