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GI System > Session 1 > Flashcards

Session 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of surface is the lumen of the gut

A

external surface lined with epithelia

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2
Q

what is the enteric system

A

semi-autonomous, controlling motot functions of the gut, local blood flow, secretions and transport across the mucosa

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3
Q

where is the enteric system

A

contained within the submucosa- meissner’s plexus and between the external muscle layers- auerbach’s plexus

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4
Q

layers of the gut tube

A

mucosa
submucosa
external muscle layers- circular then longitudinal
serosa

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5
Q

how does the number of gobelt cells change from duodenum to colon

A

increase

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6
Q

what does the mucus in the gut do

A

protects from friction, chemical damagr, and bacteria

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7
Q

what folds are in the gut and what do they do

A

rugae in the stomach - temporary

plicae circularis- small intestine permanent forms

haustra in colon

increase SA

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8
Q

what are crypts

A

invaginations of the epithelial surface of the small intestine and are present in both small and large intestine

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9
Q

what are the 4 major muscle groups that form thne anterolateral abdominal wall

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominus
Rectus abdominus

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10
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity

A

mesothelium lined cavity that contains nothing but a small amount of lubricating fluid. this cavity is a potential space formed by a continuous layer of peritoneum.

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11
Q

what is a mesentry

A

a double layer og peritoneum lying inbetween is blood and lymph vessels and fat

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12
Q

intraperitoneal structures

A

abdominal viscera\ that are enveloped in peritoneum

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13
Q

retroperitoneal structures

SAD PUCKER

A

abdominal viscers that lie behind the peritonium

Suprenal glands- adrenal
Aorta
Duodenum
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon
Kidney
Eoesophagus
Rectum
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14
Q

what is aponeurosis

A

thin sheet like tendon

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15
Q

origin, insertion and action of external oblique

A

5th and 12th rib

iliac crest, linea alba and inguinal ligameny

flex the trunk and rotate the core contralaterally

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16
Q

origin, insertion and action of internal oblique

A

thoracolumba fascia and iliac crest

lower 3/4 ribs linea alba via aponeurosis

rotation in the same direction, flex trunk, ipsilateral rotataer

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17
Q

origin, insertion and action of transverse abdominus

A

costal cartilages of lower ribs, thoracolumber fascia, medial lip of iliac crest and portion of inguinal ligament

linea alba and pubic crest via aponeurosis

compress abdominal contents

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18
Q

nerve supply of abdominal muscles

A

anterior rami- T7 - T12 - ALL

internal oblique and transverse abdominus are also innervated by L1

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19
Q

origin, insertion and action of rectus abdominus

A

origin: pubic crest, pubic tubercle and pubic symphysis
insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
action: Flexion of the trunk (flexion of thoracic and lumber spine), while it works by drawing pubic symphysis and sternum toward each other. Tense the anterior wall of the abdomen and assist in compressing the contents of the abdomen.

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20
Q

what is the rectus sheath

A

the aponeurosis of the lateral muscles surrounding the rectus abdominus

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21
Q

what is the arcuate line

A

lower limit of the posterior layer of rectus sheath

roughly halfway between umbilicus and pubic crest

22
Q

what is gastrin

A

produced by G cells in the antrum of the stomach

increases gastric acid secreetion

23
Q

what is cholecystokinin

A

i cells in duodenum and jejenum

increases pancreatic/ gall bladder secretions

stimulated by fat and protein
gall bladder contracts
pancreas stimulated

24
Q

secretin secretion

A

secreted by s cells in duodenum

25
Q

what stimulates secretin secretion

A

stimulated by H+ and fatty acids

26
Q

secretin function

A

increases HCO3 from pancreas/ gallbladder

decreases gastric acid secretion

27
Q

where is GIP secreted

A

cells in the duodenum and jejenum

28
Q

what stimulates GIP secretion

A

sugars, amino acids and fatty acids

29
Q

GIP Function

A

increases insulin

decreaed gastric acid secretion

30
Q

what is GIP

A

gastric inhibitory peptide

31
Q

what are enteroendocrine cells

A

predominantly located deeper in crypts and gastric glands

-secrete hormons that control the function of the gut

32
Q

what are brunner glands

A

secrete an alkline mucoid material and put into the base of crypts to neutralse the acid chyme from stomach

33
Q

where do lipids go whne theyre absorbed from the gut

A

lymph capillaries

34
Q

what is chyme

A

a fluid that passes out from the stomach that consists of gastric secretions and partially digested food

35
Q

broad function of mouth

A

physical breakdown of food
initiat digestive enzymes released
infectio conrol

36
Q

Function of oesophagus

A

rapid transport of bolus to stomach through thorax

37
Q

UOS

A

upper oesphageal sphincter- prvents air from entering GI tract

38
Q

LOS

A

helps prevents reflex into oesophagus

39
Q

stomach

A

storage facility
produce chyme
infection control.
secrete intrinsic factor

40
Q

duodenum function

A

start of SI
neutralisaion of chyme
digestion

41
Q

jejenum/ ileum function

A 
final digestion
nutrient absorption 
water/ electrolyte absorptiom-  mainly ileum
bile recirculation- ileum
B12 absorption- terminal ileum
42
Q

large bowel function

A

final water absorption
temporary storage
final electrolyte absorption

43
Q

what type of epithelia ios present in the GI system

A

stratified sqamous in oesophagus and distal anus

everything in between is simple columnar

44
Q

what divides the gut into its various areas

A

sphincters

45
Q

what 2 abdominal viscera have gland like function with respect to the GI tract

A

liver and pancreas

46
Q

how long is the duodenum

A

25cm

47
Q

how does the jejunum differ from the ileum

A

wider
longer
more folds

48
Q

at what point does the GI tract enter the pelvis

A

end of sigmoid colon going into rectum

49
Q

why is it necessary for the small intestine to have a large surface area

A

nutrients are moving through fast so they need multiple areas within the intestine to be absorpbed which increases the time they are in contact with the epithelium

50
Q

What is the enteric system that is contained in the submucosa called

A

Meissner’s plexus

51
Q

What is the enteric system that is contained in the muscular layers called

A

Auerbach’s plexus

52
Q

What is malrotation

A

When the midgut colon ends up on the left side as only one of the 90 degree rotations occur

GI System (16 decks)

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