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IOT: Internet of Things > SESSION 03: Structure of IoT Systems > Flashcards

SESSION 03: Structure of IoT Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of IoT System Structures?

A

(1) Sensors
(2) Actuators
(3) Gateway
(4) Streaming data processor
(5) Data Lake
(6) Big data warehouse (7) Data analytics
(8) Machine learning
(9) Models (generated by ML)
(10) Control applications
(11) User applications
(12) Device management
(13) User management
(14) Security monitoring

  1. Sensors:
    Collect and send data through a network.
  2. Actuators:
    Perform actions based on processed data.
  3. Gateway:
    Transfers data between sensors, cloud, and actuators.
  4. Streaming data processor:
    Manages data flow to the data lake and control apps.
  5. Data Lake:
    Stores raw data from devices.
  6. Big data warehouse:
    Extracts and processes relevant data for insights.
  7. Data analytics:
    Analyzes data to find trends and insights.
  8. Machine learning:
    Creates better models for controlling applications.
  9. Models:
    Updated with historical data from the big data warehouse.
  10. Control application:
    Sends commands and alerts to actuators.
  11. User application:
    Allows users to monitor and control their devices.
  12. Device management:
    Handles device setup, control, monitoring, and updates.
  13. User management:
    Manages user roles, settings, and access.
  14. Security monitoring:
    Logs and analyzes commands and user actions, storing data in the cloud.
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2
Q

What are the IoT system structures?

A
  1. Centralized IoT Architecture
  2. De-centralized IoT Architecture
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3
Q

What is centralized IoT architecture?

A

All devices connect directly to a central server or cloud platform

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4
Q

Advantages of Centralized IoT architecture?

A
  1. Single point of control:
    Easier to manage and maintain since there is central server to handle the tasks.
  2. Simplicity:
    Simplified architecture with a clear structure.
  3. Efficiency:
    Efficient use of resources
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5
Q

Disadvantages of centralized IoT architecture?

A
  1. Single point of failure:
    If the central server fails, the entire system can be failed.
  2. Scalability issues:
    Adding more clients can strain the server’s resources.
  3. Latency Issues:
    Data travelling long distances to a central server can lead to delays (latency) in response time.
  4. Bandwidth Constraints:
    Large amounts of data flowing to a central location can strain bandwidth resource.
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6
Q

What is decentralized IoT Architecture?

A

Processing power and decision-making capabilities are distributed across the network.

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7
Q

What are the features in Decentralized IoT architecture?

A
  1. Distributed control
  2. Fault tolerance
  3. Scalability
  4. Coordination and communication
  5. Autonomy and Redundancy
  6. Reduced latency

Distributed control:
No single point of control or failure

Fault tolerance:
If one node fails, the system can continue to function with the remaining nodes.

Scalability
Easier to scale by adding more nodes.

Coordination and communication

Autonomy and Redundancy
Each node can operate autonomously, contributing to redundancy

Reduced latency

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8
Q

What is Fog computing?

A

An extension of cloud computing. A layer between the edge and the cloud.

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9
Q

Advantages in Fog computing?

A
  • Faster response times
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10
Q

Limitations of Fog computing?

A

Additional infrastructure:
Deploying and managing fog nodes adds complexity and require additional hardware.

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11
Q

What is Hybrid architecture?

A

Combines elements of both centralized and decentralized architecture.

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12
Q

Advantages of Hybrid architecture?

A

Provide balance between,
Scalability,
Fault tolerance,
real-time processing capabilities.

Offers centralized control while enabling local processing for efficiency

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13
Q

Disadvantages of Hybrid architecture?

A

Complexity can increase as the system grows,
requiring careful design and management of data flow between edge devices, gateways and the cloud.

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14
Q

What is Mesh networking?

A

IoT network with a mesh topology

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15
Q

Adavantages of mesh networking?

A
  1. Device to device communication
    devices communicate directly with each other instead of using central hub.
  2. Self-healing algorithm
    always chose shortest path for passing data.
  3. Easy to configure and manage
    no need for preliminary setup for new nodes.
    newly added sensors calibrate and connect to the network automatically
  4. Flexible and easy to scale:
  5. Cost efficiency
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16
Q

Disadvantages of Mesh networking?

A
  1. Node intelligence
  2. Load balancing
  3. Complex Route management
  4. High Power consumption
17
Q

Factors that depend choosing the right architecture?

A
  1. Number of devices
  2. Realtime requirements
  3. Security needs.
  4. Cost and complexity
18
Q

Communication methods in IoT?

A
  1. D2D : Device to Device
  2. D2C: Device to Cloud
  3. C2D: Cloud to Device
19
Q

What is D2D communication?

A

Devices communicate directly with each other.

20
Q

Applications of D2D?

A

Wearable fitness trackers share workout data directly with each other’s

Bluetooth speakers connecting to primary speaker to create surrounding system.

21
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of D2D?

A

Adv:
1. Improving scalability and fault tolerance.
2. Lower latency for real-time data exchange between nearby devices
3. More efficient use of network resources

DisAdv:
1. Increased complexity in routing data and managing communication between devices.
2. Security considerations

22
Q

What is D2C?

A

Devices communicate directly with a central cloud platform or server.

23
Q

D2C Appliacations?

A

Smart home devices sending data to cloud for monitoring.

Wearable health devices sending data to cloud for monitoring

Industrial sensor sending data to cloud for monitoring

24
Q

Adv and DisAdv of D2C?

A

Adv:
1. Centralized data storage and management. enabling easier access and analysis.
2. Scalability to accommodate a large number of devices.
3. Cloud platform can offer powerful processing capabilities.

DisAdv:
1. Relies on stable internet connection.
2. Security risks
3. Latency can be issue

25
Q

What is C2D?

A

Sending commands or instructions from cloud platforms to connect devices

26
Q

C2D Applications?

A

Triggering security cameras to start recording based on motion detection alerts in the cloud.

Sending control signals to smart appliances from a smartphone app

27
Q

Communication method for an IoT application depends on several factors?

A
  1. Data flow requirements
  2. Scalability needs
  3. Power constraints
  4. Security considerations
28
Q

Key Stages of data flow and processing in an IoT system?

A
  1. Data acquisition
  2. Data transmission
  3. Data Pre-Processing
  4. Data storage
  5. Data processing and Analysis
  6. Decision making and actions
  7. Security throughout the flow

IOT: Internet of Things (15 decks)

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