Service Delivery for Educating Individuals with Developmental Disabilities Flashcards
What are the models of service delivery for infants and toddlers?
Home-based models
Center-based models
Home-center program
What is the home based model?
Professionals work in family home Contact can be direct or indirect Convenient More family involvement Familiar environment Cheaper
What is the center based model?
central location to receive service
Interaction can be direct or indirect
services based on child age, needs of family and the resources offered
Runs on a calendar
What is the home-center program?
Combination of the home and center models
availability is a key issue
What are service delivery models for school aged children?
Itinerant model/Inclusion Three general placements -General education classroom -Resource room -Separate special education classroom
What is the itinerant/inclusion model?
children with disability receive instruction in general education settings from either a regular or special education teacher, combine direct and collaborative- consultative
What is the general education classroom?
Mild disability
Outside GEC for 21% of school day
What is the resource room?
outside GEC for 21-60% of the school day
What is a separate special education classroom?
Severe disability
outside GEC for 61-100% of the school day
Behavioral disability where environment is not fluid
What happened in the early years that limited access to education?
No special institutions, if PWD were allowed in the classroom they were not allowed to disturb the class
How did special school and special classes come into existance?
Mothers of kids with disabilities found nothing is satisfactory
Unique teaching environment
Don’t resemble what others were taught
What is the federal intervention: IDEA?
Special schools were not good enough
They wanted free and appropriate regular education settings
Sparked by unsatisfied parents
The is the inclusive movement?
mainstreaming was the first concept associated with the education of children with a disability in the same class as their peers without a disability -Result of normalization
What are proponents of mainstreaming?
Maintenance of special education services while trying to implement regular education
What are problems with the concept of mainstreaming?
Only for individuals with mild disabilities
One child at a time
What happened when proponents disagreed with the original theory of mainstreaming?
They argued for all children to be integrated into regular classrooms
Created the Least Restrictive Environment and Cascade of Services
What is the LRE?
A cascade of services
- legitimizes placement/separation
- removes choice
- based on readiness model
What is the COS?
Cascade of supports
- focus on means of support/assistance
- allows for more interaction
What is an inclusive environment?
offer all individuals tasks that are equally interesting, equally important and equally engaging. It is made up of the physical space and equipment , the social-emotional atmosphere and the teaching strategies that are used
What are characterisitcs of an inclusive instructional program?
1) provides increased levels of decision making
2) provides increased levels of social interaction
3) non-stereotypical. not just for one population
4) emphasizing personal meaning
5) increase self-esteem
6) distinct emphasis on collaborative relationships
What are the three distinct philosophies supporting the notion of inclusion?
Adapt the curriculum
-meet individuals needs of learner
Integrate personnel and resources
-all about support that was provided in segregated settings in regular classroom settings
Utilize natural proportions
-typical distribution of people within student body should be reflected in classrooms
What are the values associated with an inclusive environment?
1) uniqueness -everyone has special qualities
2) empowerment - believing in self
3) belonging -feeling part of the whole
4) security - knowing rules are enforced fairly
5) purpose - setting realistic goals and feeling challenged
What are the three types of inclusion?
Physical inclusion
-Assignment of all student to general phys.ed
Instructional inclusion
-involvement in learning activities in general classroom
Social inclusion
-positive personal interactions with classmates that contribute to feeling accepted and liking each other
-building relationships
What is blocks perspective?
-Given multitude of supports that are available, what is the best method for facilitating inclusion?
Peer tutor
Teacher assistant (disability focused)
APE specialist
What is the most critical feature of inclusion?
subjective interpretation
child’s interpretation
What are the three themes in spencer-cavaliere?
gaining entry to play
friends
feeling like a legitimate player
What are the implications of inclusion?
Everyone is included, there are benefits
Starting point for regular instruction
Supports the merger of regular ed and special ed since it recognized that students must continue to receive support services
Inclusion accepts the facts that some students may be outside the classroom if required by their individual educational needs
Supplementary services and aides assist successful inclusion
What are strategies for inclusion?
Understand extent of disability and limitations Incorporate decision making Level playing field Peer-tutoring Multi-disciplinary approach Needs inventory Learning environment for everyone Routine in conducting classroom activity
