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Forensics > Serology I > Flashcards

Serology I Flashcards

1
Q

Serology

A

Study of serum and other bodily fluids

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2
Q

What fluids might you find in a crime scene?

A

Blood, sweat, tears, semen, saliva, vaginal fluids

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3
Q

How many people are Secretors

A

80%

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4
Q

What are secretors

A

People you can tell the blood type from sweat and tears

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5
Q

What is alcohol used for in Kastle-Meyer?

A

cleaning up the area AND Increasing sensitivity to better expose the hemoglobin

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6
Q

What does H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) do in kastle meyer?

A

Hemoglobin frees oxygen w/in H2O2, chemical oxident

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6
Q

What is phenolphthalein used for in kastle-meyer?

A

Color indicator, turns pink when oxidized

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7
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Oxygen carrying pigment of red blood cells

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8
Q

What does hemoglobin do?

A

Carries oxygen to tissues

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9
Q

What makes mammal blood cells different from non mammals?

A

Mammal blood cells are circular

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10
Q

Antigens

A

Proteins on the surface of your red blood cells

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11
Q

Agglutination

A

Blood clotting/coagulation

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12
Q

What are the blood types?

A

+/- A, B, AB, O

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13
Q

What floats in the plasma of blood?

A

Antibodies (“Bouncers”, goes against incompatible)

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14
Q

Why is there a dent in the human blood cell?

A

A nucleus used to be there, but it degraded early in its life

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15
Q

What creates blood cells?

A

Bone marrow

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16
Q

Do blood cells reproduce?

A

No, bc no nucleus

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17
Q

What is a spleen?

A

“Red/white blood cell cemetery”,

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18
Q

What determines your blood type?

A

Parents/inheritance

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19
Q

What do blood types mean?

A

Specific antigens attached to the surface of your red blood cells

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20
Q

What does AB blood have?

A

Both types of Antigen

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21
Q

What is O blood type?

A

No antigens

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22
Q

RH factor

A

An antigen that makes a blood type Positive. If you have it you’re positive, if you don’t then you’re negative

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23
Q

What makes O- special?

A

No antigens, very neutral (No RH factor OR antigens). Universal

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24
Q

What happens if you put two blood types together that are incompatible?

A

Agglutination/everything gels up like it’s clotting. Death will occur.

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25
Q

Will an antibody (with A+) accept A-?

A

Yes

26
Q

Will an antibody (With A+) accept B+

A

No, it will reject it (B present)

27
Q

Will an antibody (with A+) accept AB+?

A

No, it will reject it (B is present)

28
Q

Will an antibody with A+ accept O+

A

Yes, it will accept it (no B present)

29
Q

Does B- have RH?

A

No (negative)

30
Q

If you have a B- blood, what antibodies will be in the plasma?

A

Anti-A, anti-RH

31
Q

Will B- accept A+ blood?

A

No (RH present, A present)

32
Q

Will B- accept O+?

A

No (RH present)

33
Q

What blood types will O- accept?

A

NONE except O-

34
Q

What blood types will AB+ accept?

A

ALL blood types

35
Q

What is AB+ known as?

A

the Universal Recipient (ANYONE can donate to you)

36
Q

What is O- known as?

A

The universal Donor (You can donate to ANYONE)

37
Q

Putrefaction

A

decay

38
Q

What are antigens known as?

A

“Surface Markers”; they trigger immune responses (coagulation/agglutination)

39
Q

What do antibodies do?

A

Interact with antigens, if they are against them then they will destroy them

40
Q

What antibodies does O- have?

A

Anti-A, Anti-B

41
Q

Why does nothing happen in a kastle-meyer test if no hemoglobin is present?

A

No H2O2 to break up into 2H202 and O2

42
Q

Why do you test something you know has blood on it if it’s blood?

A

To make sure the test is working and to see the difference between a positive and negative result.

43
Q

What is the first step in DNA fingerprinting?

A

Add restriction enzymes to DNA Sample (cuts long DNA strands)

44
Q

Step 2 of DNA fingerprinting

A

Pour aragose gel into tray on lab counter (Acts as a molecular strainer)

45
Q

Step 3 of DNA fingerprinting

A

Electrophoresis (moves molecules with electric current) (DNA is negative, so gel acts as a strainer for the DNA as it moves to the positively charged tray

46
Q

Step 5 of DNA fingerprinting

A

Place nylon membrane on top of gel (easier to work with, DNA moves to membrane)

47
Q

Step 6 of DNA fingerprinting

A

Add probes to the nylon membrane (probes are radioactive and attach to certain DNA fragments in a sequence)

48
Q

Step 7 of DNA fingerprinting

A

Place X-ray on top of nylon film (exposes radioactivity from the probes) and develop

49
Q

who discovered human blood types

A

Landsteiner

50
Q

DNA fragments separate according to ___ during DNA fingerprinting

A

size

51
Q

The fragments visualized during DNA fingerprinting

A

bands

52
Q

the process used to separate bands of DNA

A

gel electrophoresis

53
Q

test performed at a crime scene; a screening test

A

presumptive

54
Q

dna fingerprint database

A

CODIS

55
Q

confirmatory test for identifying blood cells

A

microscopic analysis

56
Q

test performed in a secure, controlled lab setting

A

confirmatory

57
Q

Statistical analysis is based on the most ____ portions of DNA

A

unique

58
Q

If the swab turns pink ____ you have a positive result on the kastle-meyer test

A

immediately

59
Q

the oxygen during the K/M test is supplied by the

A

hydrogen peroxide

60
Q

Why is it necessary to type the victim’s blood when investigating crime

A

the crime scene could just have the victim’s blood (especially if both victim and evidence are the same blood type

61
Q

What is the result if both the victim and the suspect have the same blood type?

A

inconclusive

62
Q
A

Forensics (5 decks)

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