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forensics > Impressions > Flashcards

Impressions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of impression evidence?

A

Imprints, indentations, and striations

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2
Q

Imprints

A

Made when material from one area is transferred to another (2D)

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3
Q

What is another name for an imprint?

A

Rubber stamping

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4
Q

What do impressions entail?

A

Shoeprints

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5
Q

What can you learn from an impression?

A

How they walk, shoe size, how old the shoe is, damage to shoe

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6
Q

Indentations

A

Made when an object pushes into material which is SOFTER than the object itself. (3D)

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7
Q

What’s another name for an indentation?

A

“Squishing down”

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8
Q

Striations

A

An indented impression in motion (“Deep scratches”)

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9
Q

What can footprints/shoeprints tell you?

A

Range of height, path to the weapon, length of stride, stance, “pigeon-toed”,”Slew-footed”, limp, walking style/gait (rhythm), whether you’re standing, walking, or running, entry/exit

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10
Q

What does it mean when someone is “pigeon-toed”

A

Natural inpointing of toes

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11
Q

What does it mean when someone is “Slew-Footed”

A

Natural outpointing of toes

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12
Q

What are the 3 basic shoeprints?

A

Patent, plastic, latent

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13
Q

Patent

A

tracking through a substance like paint or blood

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14
Q

Plastic

A

walking through mud or snow indenting the shoeprint along the way

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15
Q

Latent

A

Shoeprints that are invisible to the naked eye (must be revealed)

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16
Q

are shoeprints considered class evidence or individual evidence?

A

Class

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17
Q

Why are shoeprints class evidence?

A

You can only identify the manufacturer and size of the shoe

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18
Q

How do you make your shoes individual/”your own”?

A

Wear patterns, cuts, nicks, scratches, gouges, and stones

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19
Q

Cast

A

A reproduction of an object that made an impression, a positive replica

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20
Q

Mold

A

A reproduction of the impression made by an object, a negative replica?

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21
Q

What is a negative replica?

A

Remake of the INDENT

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22
Q

What is a positive replica?

A

Remake of the OBJECT THAT MADE THE INDENT

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23
Q

Are molds positive or negative replicas?

A

Negative

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24
Q

Are casts positive or negative replicas?

A

Positive

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25
Q

What led to David Haughn phoning 911 to report that Catherine Woods had been murdered?

A

David entered her apartment and found her dead.

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26
Q

Why were police investigators suspicious of David Haughn early in the investigation?

A

David was the last person to see Catherine alive.

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27
Q

What did Paul Cortez tell Catherine Woods’ parents she should stop doing?

A

Catherine should stop topless dancing.

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28
Q

Where were bloody shoe prints found at the scene? (Cortez/Woods)

A

one in the living room, two on Catherine’s bed, one on Catherine’s back

29
Q

What is true about the information gained from the shoeprint evidence (Cortez/Woods)?

A

The size of the shoe indicated that Paul Cortez was guilty.

30
Q

What piece of evidence broke this case (Cortez/woods) wide open?

A

The confession of a victim

31
Q

Where was Paul Cortez when he placed a series of phone calls to Catherine just minutes before her murder?

A

from a building down the block from the crime scene

32
Q

What information led police to obtain a search warrant for Paul Cortez’s apartment?

A

A surveillance video

33
Q

Paul Cortez was charged and found guilty of

A

Second degree murder

34
Q

What can be said about the shoe impressions in this case? (Cortez/Woods)

A

The shoe impressions gave reason to further investigate the case.

35
Q

How did Mary Lou Arruda die in the woods?

A

Strangulation

36
Q

What did five different witness see in the area where Mary Lou Arruda disappear?

A

A green car driven by an unknown man

37
Q

What crime had James Kater been convicted of in 1969?

A

abduction and assault of a 13 year-old girl

38
Q

What two pieces of physical evidence were found near Mary Lou’s bicycle?

A

a cigarette and tire impressions

39
Q

Evidence that helped support the theory that James Kater hit Mary Lou with his car was

A

a black mark on the front fender of his car

40
Q

What was indicated about the tire tracks in the Kater/Lou case?

A

There had been acceleration, and there was an abnormal wear pattern.

41
Q

Forensic odontology

A

Uses dental evidence in the court of law

42
Q

Who will forensic odontologists often work with?

A

forensic pathologists and anthropologists

43
Q

What can an odontologist discover?

A

Age estimations on skeletons, ID victims

44
Q

What would physical characteristics of a bite mark show?

A

distance from cuspid to cuspid, shape of mouth arch, unique dentistry, teeth out of alignment, curve of biting edges

45
Q

Are bite marks more commonly used for identifying suspects or victims (remains)?

A

Victims (DNA preserved well in tooth pulp, teeth remain intact through most trauma)

46
Q

The 215 means the ___ of the tire code P215/65R15 in mm

A

width

47
Q

the rhythm of your walk

A

gait

48
Q

A two dimensional impression

A

impression

49
Q

A column of islands of the design element

A

rib

50
Q

your step length

A

stride

51
Q

The ‘P’ means ___ of the tire code P215/65R15

A

passenger

52
Q

The ratio of the height of a tire to its width

A

Aspect ratio

53
Q

Place where your shoeprint starts can pinpoint the ___ of a crime scene

A

entrance

54
Q

Transferring invisible material (dust, for example) makes a ___ shoeprint impression.

A

latent

55
Q

The main vertical indentation “highway” of a tire tread

A

groove

56
Q

the bars of a tire thread that tell you to get new tires

A

tread wear indicators

57
Q

Walking through mud and pushing down into it makes a ___ impression.

A

plastic

58
Q

The way you stand is your ___.

A

stance

59
Q

The length from the hubcap to the hubcap of a car

A

wheelbase

60
Q

The ‘R’ means ___ of the tire code P215/65R15

A

radial

61
Q

toes pointed inward

A

pigeon toed

62
Q

feet pointed outward

A

slew footed

62
Q

An impression made when an object pushes into material softer than itself

A

indentation

63
Q

65 of the tire code P215/65R15

A

Aspect ratio

64
Q

tracking mud makes a ___ impression

A

patent

65
Q

Place where your shoeprint ends can pinpoint the ___ of a crime scene

A

exit

66
Q

A transverse groove of a tire tread

A

sipe

67
Q

the island of a tire thread

A

lug

forensics (5 decks)

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