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Visceral Disorders > Serology > Flashcards

Serology Flashcards

1
Q

What substance is responsible for the brown color of feces?

A

Stercobilin

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2
Q

What is normal colonic transit time?

A

24-48 hours

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3
Q

What does clay colored (gray-white) or tan stools indicate?

A

Biliary obstruction

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4
Q

What does black and tarry stools indicate?

A

Upper GI bleeding like an ulcer

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5
Q

What does green stools indicate?

A

Either green leafy vegetables or broad spectrum antibiotics

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6
Q

Greasy/buttery stools are associated with what condition?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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7
Q

Megafeces is associated with what condition?

A

Megacolon

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8
Q

Does upper or lower GI bleeding appear as red?

A

LOWER

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9
Q

What is the test done for occult blood?

A

Guiac (FOBT)

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10
Q

Which is the most prevalent immunoglobulin (75%)?

A

IgG

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11
Q

Which immunoglobulin is responsible for the ABO blood grouping and Rh factor?

A

IgM

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12
Q

Which immunoglobulin is present primarily in respiratory and GI secretions and in saliva and tears?

A

IgA

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13
Q

What is the screening test used to semiquantitatively measure various proteins which are electrically separated?

A

Electrophoresis

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14
Q

What is the substance capable of binding to an antibody (thus providing a positive test)?

A

Antigens

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15
Q

What is the relationship between titer number and virulence of the organism?

A

DIRECT

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16
Q

What pathogen is responsible for syphilis?

A

Treponeum pallidium (spirochete)

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17
Q

What examination is diagnostic for syphilis in the primary stage?

A

Darkfield

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18
Q

What sign is indicative of primary syphilis?

A

Chancre (PAINLESS)

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19
Q

What is the immunologic stage of syphilis where the patient can experience malaise, fever, rash, and possible CNS involvement?

A

Secondary

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20
Q

What is the characteristic sign of tertiary syphilis?

A

Gummas (soft granulomatous lesions)

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21
Q

The Darkfield exam is specific for what pathogen?

A

T. Pallidium spirochete for syphilis

22
Q

What tests makes up the nontreponemal tests?

A

VDRL, RPR to measure IgM and IgG antibodies (NOT specific)

23
Q

What is the most sensitive syphilis confirmation test?

A

Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test

24
Q

What are the 5 D’s of Charcot joints?

A

Distension, density, debris, dislocation, disorganization, destruction

25
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for Lyme Disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

26
Q

What is the hallmark sign for lyme disease?

A

Circular (bulls-eye) rash

27
Q

What is the name for the circular skin rash associated with lyme disease?

A

Erythema migrans

28
Q

What is the two tiered system for CDC protocol to diagnose lyme disease?

A

1 sensitive ELISA test 2 if positive, then more specific Western blot test

29
Q

What test is used for a streptococcal infection?

A

ASOT (antisteptolysin O titer)

30
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for mono?

A

Epstein Barr virus

31
Q

What is the test done for mono?

A

Monospot (heterophile Ab screening test)

32
Q

What is the hallmark sign in the blood for mono?

A

Atypical lymphocytes

33
Q

What is another name for rubella?

A

German measles

34
Q

What is the major concern with rubella?

A

Dangerous to fetus in the first trimester, especially

35
Q

When does diagnosis from HIV to AIDS occur?

A

When CD4 count drops below 200

36
Q

What test measures the amount of HIV in the blood?

A

Viral load

37
Q

What does the CD4 count generally measure?

A

How well the immune system is functioning

38
Q

Which are the seropostive arthropathies?

A

RA, SLE, scleroderma, Jaccoud’s

39
Q

What are the seronegative arthropathies?

A

AS, psoriatic, Reiter’s/reactive, enteropathic

40
Q

Which is positive for seronegative arthropathies: RF or HLA-B27?

A

HLA-B27

41
Q

ANA is used to diagnose what condition?

A

Lupus

42
Q

RA mostly affects which joints?

A

MCPs, PIPs, and wrists

43
Q

What is the name of the reactive IgM seen with RA?

A

RF

44
Q

Tests for the rheumatoid factor with RA are direct toward the identification of which antibodies?

A

IgM

45
Q

AS predominately affects what part of the axial skeleton?

A

Sacroiliac joints

46
Q

What is a synonym for AS?

A

Marie Strumpell’s Disease/Rhizomelic spondylitis

47
Q

What is the gender bias for AS?

A

Males

48
Q

What is the name for the initial changes with AS of synovial proliferation and inflammatory cellular infiltrate?

A

Pannus

49
Q

If bilateral sacroilitis is suspected, what lab test would be helpful?

A

HLA-B27 (to rule out AS)

50
Q

What two things must be considered when unilateral sacroilitis is seen?

A

Infection or AS (do CBC and HLA-B27)

Visceral Disorders (7 decks)

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