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IMMUNOSERO LEC > Serologic application/tests > Flashcards

Serologic application/tests Flashcards

1
Q

SEROLOGIC TESTS FOR SYPHILIS: Used to detect Reagin (a substance present in the serum of
individuals with certain diseases including syphilis)

A

Nontreponemal Method

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2
Q

Uses heated serum (56ºC for 30 min.) as specimen and result is read microscopically

A

VDRL (VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCH LABORATORY TEST)

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3
Q

FLOCCULATION – The agglutination of lipoidal
particles/substanced

A

VDRL

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4
Q

VDRL: To inactivate the complement protein in the
serum

A

Heating

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5
Q

VDRL: Rgt Ag: colorless alcoholic solution containing

A

Cardiolipin, Lecithin, Cholesterol,

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6
Q

Serves as the reagent; detects reagin (anti-cardiolipin)

A

Cardiolipin

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7
Q

Rotator for VDRL

A

180 rpm for 40 min

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8
Q

VDRL result for: SLE (Systemic lupus), Rheumatic fever, IM (Infectious mononucleosis), Malaria, Pregnancy

A

False Positive

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9
Q

VDRL is highly sensitive for

A

CSF

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10
Q

Uses unheated serum as specimen and result is read macroscopically

A

RPR (RAPID PLASMA REAGIN)

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11
Q

RPR (RAPID PLASMA REAGIN) uses ___ to modify the basic VDRL Ag

A

Choline-chloride

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12
Q

RPR Reagents: colorless alcoholic solution

A

Cardiolipin, Lecithin, Cholesterol, and Charcoal

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13
Q

used as the carrier for the antigen cardiolipin for RPR

A

charcoal

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14
Q

Rotator for RPR

A

100 rpm for 8 mins

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15
Q

False (+) RPR results in

A

IM, Leprosy, RA (Rheumatoid arthritis)

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16
Q

Ag dispenser: 18
Volume: 1/60 mL
Speed rpm: 180
Time (min): 4 mins

A

Serum VDRL Screening Qualitative

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17
Q

Ag dispenser: 19
Volume: 1/75 mL
Speed rpm: 180
Time (min): 40 mins

A

Serum VDRL Quantitative Titer measurement - tube method

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18
Q

Ag dispenser: 22/23
Volume: 1/100
Speed rpm: 180
Time (min): 8

A

CSF-VDRL
(screening for
neurosyphilis)

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19
Q

Ag dispenser: 20
Volume: 1/60
Speed rpm: 100
Time (min): 8

A

RPR rapid testing

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20
Q

Syphilys Screening Test:

BIOLOGIC FALSE POSITIVE (↓ Specificity)

A

Malaria
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Hepatitis
Infectious Mononucleosis
Leprosy
Pneumonia
Trypanosomiasis
Scarlet Fever
Rickettsial disease
Aging
Drug addiction
Pregnancy

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21
Q

Syphilys Screening Test:

BIOLOGIC FALSE NEGATIVE (↓ SENSITIVITY)

A

Too early infection
Immune tolerance
Alcohol intake
Inactive/Latent state of infection
Non reactivity due to treatment

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22
Q

Most Specific Test For Syphilis; antigen used is the live actively motile
treponemes

A

TPI Immobilization Test

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23
Q

Anti-T.pallidum (ab) binds with the live treponemes
(ag) and forms an ag-ab complex, which activates the classical complement pathway (C56789) that lyses the live treponeme’smembrane

A

TPI Immobilization Test

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24
Q

End product for TPI

A

Dead treponeme (immobilized)

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25
Q

Positive reaction of TPI

A

Immobilization of >50% of live treponeme

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26
Q

Reagent antigen for TPI

A

Live actively motile treponemes from lesions of infected rabbit testicle

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27
Q

Antibody of TPI

A

Patient’s syphilitic serum

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28
Q

Source of Complement for TPI

A

Guinea pig serum

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29
Q

Commonly used confirmatory test for syphilis

A

FTA-ABS (FLUORESCENT TREPONEMAL ANTIBODY
ABSORPTION TEST)

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30
Q

FTA-ABS Principle uses:

A

Indirect immunofluorescence test – Uses FITC as
fluorescent probe

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31
Q

FTA-ABS Reagent antigen:

A

Dead T.pallidum strain (Nichol’s strain) –
fixed on a slide

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32
Q

Antibody for FTA-ABS

A

Patient’s syphilitic serum

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33
Q

Absorbet of FTA-ABS

A

Reiter treponeme

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34
Q

Syphilis: Used to block the group ab so that the specific pathogenic ab are the ones being tested

A

Reiter treponeme

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35
Q

Conjugate of FTA-ABS

A

Fluorescent label AHG

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36
Q

2nd preferred confirmatory test for syphilis

A

TPHA (T. PALLIDUM HEME AGGLUTINATION)

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37
Q

Principle of TPHA (T. PALLIDUM HEME AGGLUTINATION)

A

Heme agglutination (RBC clumping)

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38
Q

Carrier of T. pallidum antigen in TPHA

A

RBC

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39
Q

Reagent antigen of TPHA

A

Glutaraldehyde stabilized turkey RBC coated
with treponemal antigen

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40
Q

Antibody for TPHA

A

Px’s syphilitic serum

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41
Q

The positive reaction of TPHA

A

RBC clumping

42
Q

Principle of MHA-TPA (MICRO HEMEAGGLUTINATION T. PALLIDUM TEST)

A

heme agglutination

43
Q

Reagent for MHA TPA

A

Tanned formalin sheep RBC coated with Treponeme antigen

44
Q

Antibody for MHA-TPA

A

Patient’s syphilitic serum

45
Q

MHA TPA positive reaction

A

RBC clumping

46
Q

Test for pxs who receive adequate treatment during 1º or 2º stage yet fail to exhibit a decrease or reversion of serologic test results and show Reactive results indefinitely

A

Seroresistant / Wasserman fast

47
Q

presence indicates recent infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptocci)

A

ANTI-STREPTOLYSIN O (ASO)

48
Q

Manifestations of S. pyogenes infection

A

Upper respiratory infection – Pharyngitis (Sore
throat)
Scarlet fever
Skin infection – Cellulitis, Impetigo, Erysipelas

49
Q

A phenomenon whereby immune response directed against one antigen can be extended to include
activity against other closely related
antigens

A

Molecular mimicry

50
Q

S. pyogenes ab & Myocardial ag are closely related (similar) – When the body produces an antigen against S. pyogenes, it will attack the heart
(myocardial ag) instead due to Molecular
mimicry

A

Cross reactivity

51
Q

Complications/Sequelae of S. pyogenes infection

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis

52
Q

Bacterial toxin released during S. pyogenes infection

A

STREPTOLYSIN O

53
Q

Streptolysin O

In its active form ________ form, it can lyse rbcs (hemolysis)

A

Reduced

54
Q

Neutralization reaction: estimates the amount of antibody in the presence of a constant dose of SLO can completely inhibit hemolysis of a constant given number of red cells

A

ASO titration

55
Q

Reciprocal of the highest dilution showing ________ in ASO titer

A

no hemolysis

56
Q

ASO titer is expressed in __________

A

Todd units

57
Q

Principle of Rapid Latex Agglutination

A

Passive agglutination

58
Q

Positive reaction in Rapid Latex Agglutination

A

Agglutination ≥ 200 units per mL

59
Q

serologic test used for the detection of streptococcal enzyme

A

Streptozyme

60
Q

Reagent in streptozyme

A

RBC horse

61
Q

Antigen of Streptozyme

A

Artificially attached to RBC

62
Q

Antigens of Streptozyme

A

DNAse, Streptokinase, Hyaluronidase, NADase,
Streptolysin O (Oxidized; non hemolytic form)

63
Q

Calor

A

Heat

64
Q

Rubor

A

Redness

65
Q

Dolor

A

Pain

66
Q

Tumor

A

Swelling

67
Q

Functio laesa

A

Diminished function

68
Q

Test for Myocardial Infarction

A

CRP along with CK-MB

69
Q

Most popular of CRP tests and is claimed to be the most sensitive

A

RAPID LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST

70
Q

Elevated level: 0.6 mg/dL; indicates

A

Inflammation
Tissue damage

71
Q

Elevated CRP is seen in:

A

Bacterial and viral infections
Rheumatic diseases such as RA
Myocardial infarction
Burn injuries
Tuberculosis
Renal transplantation
Malignancies

72
Q

COLD AGGLUTININS

A

IgM

73
Q

antibodies that react best with RBCs at temperature <37℃

A

Cold Agglutinins

74
Q

IgM is inactive in ____ temp

A

Normal body temp

75
Q

In vitro: IgM is optimally observed at ref tem

A

0-4 deg C

76
Q

In vivo: IgM activity is seen at

A

30℃

77
Q

IgM reaction strength is often greatest at

A

0 to 4 deg C

78
Q

A condition where there is high titer of cold agglutinin (IgM) causing intravascular agglutination when the body is exposed to the cold

A

COLD AGGLUTININ SYNDROME (CAS)

79
Q

Primary Atypical Pneumonia - M.pneumoniae
(community acquired/walking pneumonia) CAS:

A

Abnormal cold IgM abs with Anti-I specificity

80
Q

CAS in Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein-barr virus)

A

Cold autoantibody with Anti-i specificity

81
Q

RAPID SCREENING TEST FOR COLD AGGLUTININS Principle:

A

Hemeagglutination

82
Q

Antigen for Rapid screening test of Cold Agglutinins

A

Cold agglutinins in patient’s serum

83
Q

Tubes are incubated at ____ for ______ overnight

A

t 4ºC for 18-24 hours

84
Q

If IgM is ↑ it produces in Rapid screening test

A

agglutination

85
Q

Positive result for cold agglutinins

A

No hemagglutination at 37℃
Hemagglutination at 4℃

86
Q

Negative result for cold agglutinins

A

No hemagglutination at 37℃
No hemagglutination at 4℃

87
Q

antibodies demonstrated in patient with increased bacterial infection that are manifested by high fever

A

Febrile agglutinins

88
Q

Febrile agglutinins screening test

A

rapid slide test

89
Q

confirmatory test for febrile agglutinins

A

tube test

90
Q

Best time to collect sample in febrile agglutinins

A

Height of fever

91
Q

Peak titer may occur during in febrile agglutinins

A

convalescence

92
Q

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS: – Used for any substance that stimulated the formation of sheep hemolysin (Antisheep cells)

A

Forssman antigen

93
Q

Antibodies produced by unrelated species which can cross-react with the same antigen

A

Heterophil antibodies

94
Q

Reacts with Sheep cells, Ox(Beef) cells, and Horse cells

Does not react with Guinea pig cells

Not Forssman in nature

A

Heterophil Antibodies in IM

95
Q

Reacts with Guinea pig cells, Sheep cells, and Horse
cells

Does not react with Ox(Beef) cells

A

Heterophil Antibodies of Forssman

96
Q

Reacts with Sheep cells, Ox(Beef) cells, Horse cells,
and Guinea pig cells

A

Heterophil Antibodies in Serum Sickness

97
Q

Differential test for IM and Forssman uses

A

Guinea pig cell and
Ox(Beef) cell

98
Q

Presumptive/screening test for antibodies that are heterophil in nature

A

PAUL BUNNEL TEST

99
Q

DAVIDSON DIFFERENTIAL TEST antigen

A

: Guinea pig kidney cell and Ox(Beef) rbc

100
Q

PAUL BUNNEL TEST antigen

A

2% suspension of sheep rbc

101
Q

Absorption-Hemagglutination for IM

A

DAVIDSON DIFFERENTIAL TEST; MONOSPOT

IMMUNOSERO LEC (3 decks)

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