Sept 24: Physical Determinants + Spina Bifida Flashcards
Determinants of health includes 3 things…
- social and economic environment
- physical environment
- the person’s individual characteristics and behaviors **our class focus
SDOH and health outcomes: which is upstream, which is downstream?
SDOH = the upstream effects, flow downstream to affect physical health
Health outcomes = the downstream effects
3 stages of development in utero
- pre-embryonic
- embryonic
- fetal
Length: pre-embryonic stage
conception to day 14
what are cells called during progression of pre-embryonic development?
-single cell divides, becomes…
-morula → blastocyst → placenta →
embryo
-MBPE (mom buys pink elephant)
acronym for cell division progression in pre-embryonic stage
MBPE = mom buys pink elephant
Once implanted in uterine wall blastocyst develops into which 3 layers?
3 layers: EME
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
- endoderm
Length: embryonic stage
Day 15 - Week 8
Ectoderm develops into?
nervous system and skin
Mesoderm develops into?
muscle, bones, and various organs
Endoderm develops into?
endocrine glands, lungs, digestive tract, and liver
what is neurulation?
when the central nervous system begins to form
during neurulation, what happens to ectoderm (if it goes RIGHT)?
ectoderm thickens → forms neural plate → folds in on itself → forms neural groove → forms neural tube → forms CNS
during neurulation, what happens to ectoderm (if it goes WRONG)?
if neural tube doesn’t close completely, it can cause spina bifida
neurulation forms which 3 embryonic brain regions?
forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
forebrain becomes…
- cerebrum (cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei)
- thalamus, hypothalamus
midbrain becomes…
brainstem
hindbrain becomes…
pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
Length: fetal stage, and what happens during?
- week 8 to birth
- CNS fully develops
what is spina bifida?
birth defect: spine + spinal cord don’t form properly d/t neural tube defect
where does spina bifida occur?
anywhere spine, wherever the neural tube has not completely closed
the 3 types of spina bifida are…
- spina bifida occulta
(mild, most common, ppl unaware of) - meningocele
(mid, least common, no sx, no nerve exposure) - myelomeningocele = SB
(“open spina bifida”, most severe, exposed spinal nerves, surgery req)
myelomeningocele development is correlated with…
insufficient folic acid by mom
myelomeningocele (SB) complications
-skin, sleep, GI problems
-bowel / bladder problems
-depression
-MSK (contractures, scoliosis)
-Arnold-Chiari II malformation
