Oct 1: Brain Injury & Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
what is a traumatic brain injury / TBI?
damage to brain caused by traumatic event
- ex blow to head, a fall, motor vehicle collision
- typically involve some level of bleeding inside the skull
what is a non traumatic brain injury?
damage to brain caused by illness (meningitis, oxygen deprivation, anoxia)
what is a hematoma?
build-up of blood/leakage from a larger blood vessel
difference between hemorrhage and hematoma?
a hemorrhage refers to ongoing bleeding while the blood in a hematoma has typically already clotted.
1 cause of concussions
motor vehicle accidents
Rowan’s law was created due to what syndrome?
Second Impact Syndrome (SIS): when brain swells rapidly shortly after a person suffers a 2nd concussion before symptoms from an earlier concussion have subsided
Rowans Law states
if there’s any signs of a concussion, you’re out for the game, don’t play again until completely free of symptoms upon exertion
what is Post concussion Syndrome?
- 85% of concussion recover spontaneously in time
- those that do not (after 2 wks) are PCS
- trajectory depends on severity and the individual’s unique brain
Post concussion syndrome (PCS) symptoms
- 3 or more: fatigue, headache, vertigo, apathy, changes in sleep, mood, personality
what constitutes a mild/concussion?
- GCS of 13-15
- loss of consciousness < 30 min
what constitutes a moderate concussion?
- GCS of 9-12
- loss of consciousness 30 min → 24 hours
- amnesia of 1-7 days
what constitutes a severe concussion?
- GCS of <8
- loss of consciousness >24 hours
- amnesia >7 days
what % of mild TBIs get better on their own with rest and management?
85%
two types of brain plasticity
- structural plasticity:
- experiences or memories change a brains physical structure
- some neuronal pathways die off, so new connections can form - functional plasticity:
- brain functions move from damaged area to undamaged area
- not necessarily forming new connections, but forming new way of connecting
neuroplasticity: interference meaning?
- strengthening a pathway that is opposite of what you actually want to be strengthening
- (ex. bad habits unintentionally strengthen the wrong response)
what is Cerebral Palsy?
Cerebral = brain
palsy = weakness/paralysis
- group of disorders that affect ability to move, maintain balance and posture
how common is cerebral palsy? (CP)
- most common motor disability in childhood!!
what causes Cerebral Palsy?
- abnormal brain development OR
- damage to motor fxn areas in developing brain
most common cause of CP?
- hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) from complications with birthing
- other causes possible (infection, disease, premie)
common issues seen in CP
- tone or reflex abnormalities
- hyper/hypotonic or hyper/hyporeflexia
- atypical posture, or motor performances
3 types of CP
- spastic = 80-90%
- dyskinetic = 6%
- ataxic = 5%
Note: there can be mixed types
CP spastic diplegia: whats affected?
- muscle stiffness mainly in legs, arms less/not affected
- may have issues with walking
CP spastic hemiplegia/hemiparesis: whats affected?
- only one side of a body, usually more the arm than the leg
CP spastic quadriplegia: whats affected?
- affects all four limbs, the trunk and the face
- usually can’t walk, often have other developmental disabilities
