Oct 3: Stroke Flashcards
what % of the body’s energy does the brain consume?
20%
what is an embolism, and what happens when you have one?
- dislodged clot or plaque from another part of the body that travels to brain
- becomes lodged in a cerebral artery causing a blockage
- clot comes from a larger artery to a smaller one in the brain
population embolisms are most common in?
individuals with CVD, or who had heart surgery
what is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
why does it happen?
what is it a foreshadowing of?
- temporary period (few min) of stroke-like symptoms
- d/t clot getting stuck briefly causing mild symptoms, but then clot is freed
- TIAs tend to go undiagnosed initially, but can be warning sign for stroke
what is a stroke?
- condition where poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death
name the 2 different types of stroke
- ischemic stroke: blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or reduced
- hemorrhagic stroke: sudden uncontrolled bleeding in the brain
are perceptual issues within brain due to structural damage?
- perceptual issues within brain are usually NOT d/t damage to structures
- Issue is how our brain perceives the info once it receives it
what is hemianopsia?
- loss of half of the visual field, person only sees a portion of the visual field from each eye
- named based on what is missing
hemineglect (loss of half of area) occurs most commonly when damage is to the ____ side of the brain
-the non dominant side of the brain
how do they test for hemineglect?
cancellation task + line bisection task
what is visual apraxia?
- inability to perform certain purposeful movements despite the presence of adequate strength/sensation/coordination
what are the 2 types of visual apraxia?
types: ideational and ideomotor
what is ideational apraxia?
- loss of ability to conceptualize, plan and execute movements
-impaired ability to carry out a sequence, ex. making a sandwich
what is ideomotor apraxia?
- inability to complete motor actions that rely on semantic memory
- unable to identify a familiar object and know how to use it, ex. picks up a screwdriver and tries to write name with it
what is figure ground perception ?
- being able to pull out a certain object from a pile of other objects ex. looking in a cluttered desk and being able to find the keys
which hemisphere of the brain controls which side of the body?
- each hemisphere of the brain controls functions on the opposite side of the body
- i.e. a left MCA stroke results in right-side deficits
- a right MCA stroke causes left-side deficits
effects of Left MCA (middle cerebral artery) stroke?
- right face and arm upper motor weakness (bc motor cortex damaged)
- Brocas aphasia (bc brocas area damage)
- right face + arm cortical type sensory loss (bc sensory cortex damage)
- Wernickes aphasia (bc Wernickes area damage)
effects of Right MCA (middle cerebral artery) stroke?
- left face and arm upper motor weakness (bc motor cortex damage)
- left hemineglect (bc damage to non dominant association areas)
- left face and arm cortical type sensory loss (bc sensory cortex damage)
effects of Left PCA (Posterior Cerebral Artery) stroke?
- right homonymous hemianopia (bc damage to left visual cortex in occipital lobe)
- extension to corpus callosum interferes with communication btwn two visual association areas = alexia without agraphia
- may cause right hemi-sensory loss and right hemiparesis d/t disruption of ascending and descending info passing through these structures
effects of Right PCA (Posterior Cerebral Artery) stroke?
- same as left, but opposite side
- left homonymous hemianopia due to damage to right visual cortex. May have left hemi-sensory loss and left hemiparesis
effects of Left ACA (Anterior Cerebral Artery) stroke?
- right leg upper-motor neuron weakness (bc damage to motor cortex) - right leg cortical sensory loss (bc damage to sensory cortex) - grasp reflex, frontal lobe behavioral abnormalities and transcortical aphasia (bc prefrontal cortex and supplemental motor area damage)
effects of Right ACA (Anterior Cerebral Artery) stroke?
- left leg upper-motor neuron weakness (bc damage to motor cortex) - left leg cortical type sensory loss (bc damage to sensory cortex) - grasp reflex, frontal lobe behavioral abnormalities and left hemineglect (bc damage to prefrontal cortex and non dominant association cortex)
prognosis for strokes?
- better after ischemic stroke compared to hemorrhagic
- bc ischemic can be more focal hemorrhagic involves loss of blood flow
- first 3 months is most important /w most improvement
