Sept 24 Lecture: The Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the three main components of the skeletal system

Answer 1

Bones, joints, and supporting tissue

Question 2

Describe the main functions of the skeletal system

Answer 2

Protection- bones like the skull protect organs like our brains, storage - stores calcium which is important for function in every cell in our body, fat storage in yellow bone marrow, blood cell production in red bone marrow, AIDS in movement, and support

Question 3

Describe the five bone shapes

Answer 3

Long bones are longer than they are wide, short bones are as long as they are wide, flat bones are broad flat and thin, says in my bones are round flat bones found in tendons, and a regular bones don’t fit into any other category

Question 4

How many bones are there in the body

Answer 4

206

Question 5

How much does a skeleton weigh

Answer 5

About 25 lb which is 14% of total body weight

Question 6

What is the middle shaft of the bone called

Answer 6

Diaphysis

Question 7

What are the two ends of the bone called

Answer 7

Epiphysis

Question 8

What is the outer layer on bone and what does it do

Answer 8

It is the periosteum and it’s a membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue in which nerves and blood vessels run through.

Question 9

What is the center of the bone called

Answer 9

The medullary cavity

Question 10

What are the two textures of Bones

Answer 10

Compact phone which is the hard dense outer region and spongy bone which is the inner honeycomb like framework of trabeculae

Question 11

What is the cartilage on the end of a bone

Answer 11

It’s called articular cartilage and it’s a thin layer of highline cartilage

Question 12

What is the structure of flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid Bones

Answer 12

They have no diaphysis, epiphysis, or medullary cavities. The outer layers are made of thin compact bone while the middle layer is spongy bone and bone marrow

Question 13

What is the inner surface of bone called

Answer 13

The endosteum

Question 14

Describe red bone marrow

Answer 14

Redbone Mount is made of moose connective tissue and it’s a site of hematopoiesis - the production of red and white blood cells and platelets. The amount of red bone marrow reduces with age.

Question 15

Where is red bone marrow found in the body

Answer 15

The pelvis, the proximal epiphysis of femur and humorous, the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, scapulate, clavicles, and some bones of the skull.

Question 16

What is yellow bone marrow

Answer 16

Adipose tissue that has limited storage for triglycerides

Question 17

Describe this microscopic structure of Bones

Answer 17

Bone is a specialized connective tissue that is mostly ECM. The ECM is a ground substance with protein fibers scattered within. There is an inorganic matrix that makes up 65% of the bones weight, and an organic matrix that makes up 35% of the bones weight

Question 18

What is the inorganic matrix of bone

Answer 18

Is the ground substance of bone that’s made of calcium and phosphorus salts that exist as a large molecule of hydroxyapatite crystal. It makes bones strong and resistant to squishing.

Question 19

What is the organic matrix of bone like

Answer 19

The organic matrix called osteoid is made of mostly collagen.

Question 20

What would happen if you remove the inorganic matrix from a bone

Answer 20

It would bend and become really squishy

Question 21

What would happen if you remove the organic matrix from the bone

Answer 21

It would be brittle and shatter

Question 22

What are the three main types of bone cells

Answer 22

Osteoblast which build and deposit bone (formation), osteoclast which carved bone. ( Resorption), and osteocytes which are mature bone cells

Question 23

What is the difference between ossification and remodeling

Answer 23

Ossification is when bones become bones it is the initial process of development, and remodeling is a lifelong process of replacing the skeleton every 10 years