Sept 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are signs that a colic is surgical?

A
  1. refractory pain
  2. persistently elevated heart rate
  3. nasogastric reflux
  4. distended loops of small intestine on rectal examination
  5. abdominal distension/distended large colon
  6. tight bands on rectal palpation
  7. abnormal abdominocentesis
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2
Q

What are the goals of fluid therapy?

A
  1. resuscitation-increase cardiac output
  2. correct dehydration-esp impaction
  3. keep up with ongoing losses
  4. correct acid base and electrolyte disturbances
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3
Q

What are things to consider with fluid therapy?

A
  1. type of fluid
  2. rate of administration
  3. route of administration
  4. patient monitoring–adjust as needed
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4
Q

What are types of IV fluids?

A

crystalloids (maintenance or resuscitation)
hypertonic saline (quick restoration of volume, follow with isotonic)
isotonic saline
colloids–hetastarch, pentastarch or plasma

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5
Q

What are types of colloids?

A

hetastarch, pentastarch or plasma

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6
Q

What level of dehydration does an animal have to be at to detect it on a clinical exam?

A

5-12%

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7
Q

What is maintenance level of fluid?

A

2-2.5ml/kg/hr

50-60ml/kg/d

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8
Q

If an animal is dehydrated, over what period of time should you correct it?

A

12-24 hrs

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9
Q

How much fluid do you give to an animal that is dehydrated?

A

2x maintenance (5ml/kg/hr) plus losses

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10
Q

What are two sources of fluid loss?

A

relfux or diarrhea

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11
Q

What is the benefit of ranitidine in a refluxing horse?

A

it can be given IV, the others cannot be given IV

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12
Q

What is an issue with omeprazole?

A

it is expensive and the compounded formulation is no good

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13
Q

How do you prevent gastric ulcers?

A
  1. dietary management (appropriate diet, quality roughage-alfalfa-high Ca, constant access to roughage)
  2. omeprazole at a preventative dose
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14
Q

HOw is DPJ treated?

A
  1. fluid therapy
  2. analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs
  3. gastric decompression
  4. anti-endotoxin support
  5. nutritional support!!!–e.g. parenteral if refluxing for several days
  6. lidocaine CRI–prokinetic, anti-inflammatory
  7. +/- antimicrobials
  8. +/- surgery
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15
Q

What are two features of lidocaine CRI?

A

prokinetic, anti-inflammatory

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16
Q

How are impactions treated?

A
  1. surgery if severe
  2. control abdominal pain
  3. oral laxatives
  4. oral or intravenous fluid therapy
17
Q

What are the rules of oral fluid therapy?

A
  1. no more than 8-10L at a time
  2. at least 20 min between doses
  3. check for reflux before each administration
  4. ideally isotonic
18
Q

What is oral fluid therapy used for? What is it not for?

A

To treat dehydration NOT hypovolemia