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Horse Medicine > Equine dermatology medical conditions > Flashcards

Equine dermatology medical conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a biting louse of horses?

A

damalinia equi

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2
Q

What are the features of damalinia equi (biting louse)

A
  1. host secific
  2. obligate parasite
  3. biting
  4. small
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3
Q

Where are lice found on horse?

A

dorsum of back and sides of neck

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4
Q

What is the sucking louse of horses?

A

haematopinus asini

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5
Q

What are the features of haematopinus asini?

A 
host-specific
obligate parasites
sucking
2mm
less common!
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6
Q

Where does the haematopinus asini (sucking louse) usually found?

A

neck, tail, limbs

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7
Q

What is the cause of leg and tail mange in horse?

A

chorioptes equi– a non-burrowing mite

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8
Q

What areas does chorioptes equi mange affect in the horse?

A

leg and tail

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9
Q

What are the behavioral features of horses with leg and tail mange?

A

foot stamping
head shaking
pruiritis
excoriation

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10
Q

What are the lesions of sarcoptes scabei var equi mange?

A

excoriation, alopecia, crusting and lichenification

lesionsn begin head and neck and spread down

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11
Q

What are the two types of mites of horses?

A 
chorioptes equi (nonburrowing)
sarcoptes scabei var equi
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12
Q

What is sweet ich?

A

euine insect hypersensitivity
the most common skin allergy in the horse and due to hypersensitigity to salivary antigens of culicoides. because worse each season

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13
Q

What are the clinical features of sweet itch?

A
  1. seasonal
  2. tail swishing, rubbing, excoriation and restlessness
  3. severe cases excoriation can occur leading to serum ooxing, crusting and melanotrichia
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14
Q

How do you treat, control sweet itch

A

fly control/stabling

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15
Q

What are the clinical features of oxyuris equi infection?

A

perianal irritation leading to tail rubbing

broken hairs at tail base

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16
Q

How do you diagnose oxyuris equi infection?

A

adhesive tape technique and clinical signs

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17
Q

What are the lesions of habronemiasis?

A

granulating nodules or wounds “summer sores”

there is also an ophthalamic form-conjunctival or lacrimal) or urethral process

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18
Q

What can habronemiasis lesions be mistaken as?

A

granulation tissue or sarcoid

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of habronemiasis?

A

chronic wetting of skin causes excoriation and parasite colonization
granulating skin lesion

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20
Q

Is atopy common or rare in horse?

A

rare

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of atopy?

A

inherited type 1 hypersensitivity

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22
Q

What are the clinical features of atopy?

A

recurrent and intense pruritis with no obvious histological primary lesion

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23
Q

HOw do you diagnose atopy?

A

difficult

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24
Q

What is treatment for atopy?

A

removal of etiological agent if can find
steroids
hyposensitization

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25
Q

What is another name for dermatophilosis?

A

rain scald

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26
Q

What is one of the most common and important skin infections of the horse?

A

rain scald

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27
Q

What is dermatophilosis usually associated with (conditions)

A

moist conditision

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28
Q

What is the lesion of dermatophilosis?

A

paint brush tufting of hair

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29
Q

What are the clinical signs of dermatophilosis?

A

exudation, matted hair with excessive scab formation and alopecia +/- pruritis

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30
Q

What is the appearance of dermatophilus congolensis?

A

railroad track (cocci) on impression smears

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31
Q

How do you get rid of dermatophilosis?

A

SUNLIGHT
local bathing
parenteral penicillin (if severe)

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32
Q

What are the two forms of dermatophilosis?

A

winter form–matting of hair and scabs with underlying purulent exudate
summer form–smaller lesions with scabs

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33
Q

What are the causes of dermatophytosis?

A

trichophyton equinum var equi

microsporum equinum

34
Q

What is a key feature of location that may tip you off that it is dermatophytosis?

A

it may be transmitted by tack so may be present first where there is contact of saddle, girth

35
Q

What are the lesions of dermatophytosis

A

non pruritic but resent picking of lesions
can become generalized
can be silvery in colour when healing and alopecic
can become generalized

36
Q

How is dermatophytosis diagnosed?

A

contact with infected animals and clinical signs
hair plucks examined in 10% KOH
fungal culture on Sabourauds

37
Q

How do you treat dermatophytosis?

A
  1. self limiting
  2. sunlight
    3 control
38
Q

What is the mechanism of pemphigus foliaceus?

A

autoimmune (type II)

39
Q

What are the features of pemphigus foliaceus macro, histo

A 
epidermal collarettes w/scaling and crusting
rapidly spreading
can be painful and irritating
skin biopsy: direct immunofluorescence
acantholysis
40
Q

What is acantholysis?

A

break down of intercellular bridges in stratum spinosum of the skin

41
Q

What is skin scalding?

A

mat occur due to wounds, applicaiton of foreign material, fecal and urinary incontinence

42
Q

What is telogen defluxion?

A

sudden acute traumatic episode 4-6 weeks prior to clinical signs, illness, pyrexia–>can lead to hair cycle arrest in resting phase (telogen)

43
Q

What is the apperance of telogen defluxion?

A

spectacular progressive alopecia (skin is fine)

44
Q

What is the treatment of telogen defluxion?

A

none

45
Q

how is telogen defluxion diagnosed?

A

1 history

  1. microscopy of the hair shafts–uniform, slightly clubbed, no root sheath
  2. biopsy–hair follicles in resting phase
46
Q

What is stud crud (idiopathic cannon keratosis)

A 
cause is unknown
males and females
non-pruritic
may be dermatophytosis
scaling and crusting of skin on the dorsal aspect of hind limbs
47
Q

What is the treatment for stud crud (idiopathic cannon keratosis)

A

washing and drying

48
Q

What are the dermatological findings of PPID?

A

hirsutism and hyperhidrosis

49
Q

Wht is vitiligo?

A

inherited and normal in the appaloosa breed
cause unknown
circular areas increasing in number rather than size
may affect other breeds
idiopathic
BENIGN
no treatment

50
Q

What is leukoderma (aquired vitilgo)

A

common

loss of melanocytes due to: pressure, injury, cryosurgery, surgery, other skin disorders

51
Q

What are the clinical signs of leukoderma?

A

ill defined patches of white hair in characteristic locations–point of withers
girth
distal limbs–improper bandaging
immediately behind ears bilaterally

52
Q

What is the treatment leukoderma?

A

no treatment

53
Q

What is reticulated leukotrichia?

A

sudden onset of severe pain with vesicles and crusts
temporary alopecia
new hair is white
underlying skin retains pigmentation

54
Q

What breeds is reticulated leukotrichia usually found in?

A

quarterhorse
thoroughbred
standardbred

55
Q

What is the etiology for leukotrichia?

A

unknown

56
Q

Is leukotrichia common?

A

no

57
Q

What is arabian fading syndrome?

A

occurs in arabians and welsh mountain pones where depigmentation of muzzle, lips and periorbital tissues occurs
no treatment

58
Q

What are the bacteria involved in staphyloccoccal folliculitis?

A

staph aureus and intermedius

59
Q

What are the clinical signs of staph folliculitis?

A 
rapid developing
localized
inflammatory!
purulent skin lesions
often with severe PAIN
60
Q

What is the diagnosis of staph folliculitis?

A

clinical signs

direct smear and culture

61
Q

What is treatment for staph folliculitis?

A

clipping, bathe with chlorhexidine

systemic antibiotics

62
Q

What is scratches/greasy heel/idiopathic pastern dermatitis?

A

most common equine exudative skin disorder

basically an umbrella of diseases

63
Q

What are the lesions of scratches/greasy heel/idiopathic pastsern dermatitis?

A

scaling
erosion
exudation
pyoderma

64
Q

What are the clinical signs of scratches?

A

LAMENESS
erythema
oozing
crusting
alopecia on plantar or palmar aspect of pastern
crusts deep and strongly adherent to underlying tissue
horses can become significantly lame

65
Q

What is treatment for scratches?

A

eliminate possible causes
remove hair and necrotic tissues
topic antiseptic washes
NSAIDs and antibiotics

66
Q

What is hyperelastosis cutis (eequine regional dermal asthenia HERDA)

A

autosomal recessive, inherited, CT dz

decreased collagen, fragmentation and disorientation of collagen fibers

67
Q

What breed/animals get yperelastosis cutis (equine regional dermal asthenia HERDA)

A

young quarterhorse-6mo-2yr (breeders are aware, test for this

68
Q

What is treatment for hyperelastosis cutis?

A

none
minimized trauma
remove animals from breeding program

69
Q

What is the cause of papillomatosis/warts

A

viral skin disease caused by host specific papovavirus equine papilloma virus

70
Q

What does the equine papilloma virus affect?

A

basal cell layers of epithelium

71
Q

What is the incubation period of equine papilloma virus (warts)

A

60-70d

72
Q

What animals are affected by warts?

A

6mo to 4yr

73
Q

What are the clinical signs of warts?

A

multiple single or coalescent pink or grey vegetative lesions

74
Q

What are the causes of aural plaques? what are the signs? the treatment?

A

may be due to fly bite or papilloma virus
clinical signs: flat hyperkeratotic, flaking, pinky-regy proliferative lesions on inner surface of pinnae
non-painful
Tx: leave alone!!!!!!!!

75
Q

What is eosinophilic collagen necrosis?

A

one of most common nodular skin disease in horse
firm dermal nodules associated with degenerative collagen that may be due to local hypersensitivity reations to insect bites or chronic low grade trauma–saddle area, girth area

76
Q

What are the lesions of eosinophilic collagen necrosis?

A

firm and painless
well circumscribed subQ nodules
non-pruritic and no overlying alopecia

77
Q

How is eosinophilic collagen necrosis diagnosed?

A

clinical signs
biopsy–collagen fibers and eosinophilic infiltration
older lesions may mineralize

78
Q

What is coital exanthema caused by?

A

EHV-3

79
Q

is urticaria common or uncommon in horses?

A

common

80
Q

What is the treatment for uritcaria?

A

steroids, antihistamines

81
Q

What are the clinical signs of urticaria?

A
  1. edematous lesions of the skin or mucous membranes called wheals that are flat-tpped, papules/nodules with steep walled sides
    no central focus of inflam in contrast to insect bites

Horse Medicine (14 decks)

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