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Equine dermatology medical conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a biting louse of horses?

A

damalinia equi

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2
Q

What are the features of damalinia equi (biting louse)

A
  1. host secific
  2. obligate parasite
  3. biting
  4. small
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3
Q

Where are lice found on horse?

A

dorsum of back and sides of neck

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4
Q

What is the sucking louse of horses?

A

haematopinus asini

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5
Q

What are the features of haematopinus asini?

A 
host-specific
obligate parasites
sucking
2mm
less common!
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6
Q

Where does the haematopinus asini (sucking louse) usually found?

A

neck, tail, limbs

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7
Q

What is the cause of leg and tail mange in horse?

A

chorioptes equi– a non-burrowing mite

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8
Q

What areas does chorioptes equi mange affect in the horse?

A

leg and tail

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9
Q

What are the behavioral features of horses with leg and tail mange?

A

foot stamping
head shaking
pruiritis
excoriation

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10
Q

What are the lesions of sarcoptes scabei var equi mange?

A

excoriation, alopecia, crusting and lichenification

lesionsn begin head and neck and spread down

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11
Q

What are the two types of mites of horses?

A 
chorioptes equi (nonburrowing)
sarcoptes scabei var equi
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12
Q

What is sweet ich?

A

euine insect hypersensitivity
the most common skin allergy in the horse and due to hypersensitigity to salivary antigens of culicoides. because worse each season

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13
Q

What are the clinical features of sweet itch?

A
  1. seasonal
  2. tail swishing, rubbing, excoriation and restlessness
  3. severe cases excoriation can occur leading to serum ooxing, crusting and melanotrichia
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14
Q

How do you treat, control sweet itch

A

fly control/stabling

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15
Q

What are the clinical features of oxyuris equi infection?

A

perianal irritation leading to tail rubbing

broken hairs at tail base

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16
Q

How do you diagnose oxyuris equi infection?

A

adhesive tape technique and clinical signs

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17
Q

What are the lesions of habronemiasis?

A

granulating nodules or wounds “summer sores”

there is also an ophthalamic form-conjunctival or lacrimal) or urethral process

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18
Q

What can habronemiasis lesions be mistaken as?

A

granulation tissue or sarcoid

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of habronemiasis?

A

chronic wetting of skin causes excoriation and parasite colonization
granulating skin lesion

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20
Q

Is atopy common or rare in horse?

A

rare

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of atopy?

A

inherited type 1 hypersensitivity

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22
Q

What are the clinical features of atopy?

A

recurrent and intense pruritis with no obvious histological primary lesion

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23
Q

HOw do you diagnose atopy?

A

difficult

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24
Q

What is treatment for atopy?

A

removal of etiological agent if can find
steroids
hyposensitization

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25
What is another name for dermatophilosis?
rain scald
26
What is one of the most common and important skin infections of the horse?
rain scald
27
What is dermatophilosis usually associated with (conditions)
moist conditision
28
What is the lesion of dermatophilosis?
paint brush tufting of hair
29
What are the clinical signs of dermatophilosis?
exudation, matted hair with excessive scab formation and alopecia +/- pruritis
30
What is the appearance of dermatophilus congolensis?
railroad track (cocci) on impression smears
31
How do you get rid of dermatophilosis?
SUNLIGHT local bathing parenteral penicillin (if severe)
32
What are the two forms of dermatophilosis?
winter form--matting of hair and scabs with underlying purulent exudate summer form--smaller lesions with scabs
33
What are the causes of dermatophytosis?
trichophyton equinum var equi | microsporum equinum
34
What is a key feature of location that may tip you off that it is dermatophytosis?
it may be transmitted by tack so may be present first where there is contact of saddle, girth
35
What are the lesions of dermatophytosis
non pruritic but resent picking of lesions can become generalized can be silvery in colour when healing and alopecic can become generalized
36
How is dermatophytosis diagnosed?
contact with infected animals and clinical signs hair plucks examined in 10% KOH fungal culture on Sabourauds
37
How do you treat dermatophytosis?
1. self limiting 2. sunlight 3 control
38
What is the mechanism of pemphigus foliaceus?
autoimmune (type II)
39
What are the features of pemphigus foliaceus macro, histo
``` epidermal collarettes w/scaling and crusting rapidly spreading can be painful and irritating skin biopsy: direct immunofluorescence acantholysis ```
40
What is acantholysis?
break down of intercellular bridges in stratum spinosum of the skin
41
What is skin scalding?
mat occur due to wounds, applicaiton of foreign material, fecal and urinary incontinence
42
What is telogen defluxion?
sudden acute traumatic episode 4-6 weeks prior to clinical signs, illness, pyrexia-->can lead to hair cycle arrest in resting phase (telogen)
43
What is the apperance of telogen defluxion?
spectacular progressive alopecia (skin is fine)
44
What is the treatment of telogen defluxion?
none
45
how is telogen defluxion diagnosed?
1 history 2. microscopy of the hair shafts--uniform, slightly clubbed, no root sheath 3. biopsy--hair follicles in resting phase
46
What is stud crud (idiopathic cannon keratosis)
``` cause is unknown males and females non-pruritic may be dermatophytosis scaling and crusting of skin on the dorsal aspect of hind limbs ```
47
What is the treatment for stud crud (idiopathic cannon keratosis)
washing and drying
48
What are the dermatological findings of PPID?
hirsutism and hyperhidrosis
49
Wht is vitiligo?
inherited and normal in the appaloosa breed cause unknown circular areas increasing in number rather than size may affect other breeds idiopathic BENIGN no treatment
50
What is leukoderma (aquired vitilgo)
common | loss of melanocytes due to: pressure, injury, cryosurgery, surgery, other skin disorders
51
What are the clinical signs of leukoderma?
ill defined patches of white hair in characteristic locations--point of withers girth distal limbs--improper bandaging immediately behind ears bilaterally
52
What is the treatment leukoderma?
no treatment
53
What is reticulated leukotrichia?
sudden onset of severe pain with vesicles and crusts temporary alopecia new hair is white underlying skin retains pigmentation
54
What breeds is reticulated leukotrichia usually found in?
quarterhorse thoroughbred standardbred
55
What is the etiology for leukotrichia?
unknown
56
Is leukotrichia common?
no
57
What is arabian fading syndrome?
occurs in arabians and welsh mountain pones where depigmentation of muzzle, lips and periorbital tissues occurs no treatment
58
What are the bacteria involved in staphyloccoccal folliculitis?
staph aureus and intermedius
59
What are the clinical signs of staph folliculitis?
``` rapid developing localized inflammatory! purulent skin lesions often with severe PAIN ```
60
What is the diagnosis of staph folliculitis?
clinical signs | direct smear and culture
61
What is treatment for staph folliculitis?
clipping, bathe with chlorhexidine | systemic antibiotics
62
What is scratches/greasy heel/idiopathic pastern dermatitis?
most common equine exudative skin disorder | basically an umbrella of diseases
63
What are the lesions of scratches/greasy heel/idiopathic pastsern dermatitis?
scaling erosion exudation pyoderma
64
What are the clinical signs of scratches?
LAMENESS erythema oozing crusting alopecia on plantar or palmar aspect of pastern crusts deep and strongly adherent to underlying tissue horses can become significantly lame
65
What is treatment for scratches?
eliminate possible causes remove hair and necrotic tissues topic antiseptic washes NSAIDs and antibiotics
66
What is hyperelastosis cutis (eequine regional dermal asthenia HERDA)
autosomal recessive, inherited, CT dz | decreased collagen, fragmentation and disorientation of collagen fibers
67
What breed/animals get yperelastosis cutis (equine regional dermal asthenia HERDA)
young quarterhorse-6mo-2yr (breeders are aware, test for this
68
What is treatment for hyperelastosis cutis?
none minimized trauma remove animals from breeding program
69
What is the cause of papillomatosis/warts
viral skin disease caused by host specific papovavirus equine papilloma virus
70
What does the equine papilloma virus affect?
basal cell layers of epithelium
71
What is the incubation period of equine papilloma virus (warts)
60-70d
72
What animals are affected by warts?
6mo to 4yr
73
What are the clinical signs of warts?
multiple single or coalescent pink or grey vegetative lesions
74
What are the causes of aural plaques? what are the signs? the treatment?
may be due to fly bite or papilloma virus clinical signs: flat hyperkeratotic, flaking, pinky-regy proliferative lesions on inner surface of pinnae non-painful Tx: leave alone!!!!!!!!
75
What is eosinophilic collagen necrosis?
one of most common nodular skin disease in horse firm dermal nodules associated with degenerative collagen that may be due to local hypersensitivity reations to insect bites or chronic low grade trauma--saddle area, girth area
76
What are the lesions of eosinophilic collagen necrosis?
firm and painless well circumscribed subQ nodules non-pruritic and no overlying alopecia
77
How is eosinophilic collagen necrosis diagnosed?
clinical signs biopsy--collagen fibers and eosinophilic infiltration older lesions may mineralize
78
What is coital exanthema caused by?
EHV-3
79
is urticaria common or uncommon in horses?
common
80
What is the treatment for uritcaria?
steroids, antihistamines
81
What are the clinical signs of urticaria?
1. edematous lesions of the skin or mucous membranes called wheals that are flat-tpped, papules/nodules with steep walled sides no central focus of inflam in contrast to insect bites

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