Sept 16 Lecture (EQ continued)

Question 1

give 4 ways to mitigate eq damage

Answer 1

1. avoidance: build away from eq zones
2. engineering: use better construction designs and materials
3. predicting/ give warning to escape
4. tsunami barriers

Question 2

learning from past eq:

Answer 2

study columns, buildings etc damaged from eq, improve it

Question 3

ways to predict/ forecast eq:

Answer 3

• geological field work: find ancient eq= there will probably be another one
• study seismic gaps
• precursors- is something telling you the earth is stressed?
• animal behavior: may change- debatable

Question 4

list some causes of man induced EQ:

Answer 4

• oil/ gas extraction, CO2 storage
• shale gas, fracking
• geothermal energy (put cold water in, get hot water out- fluid injection/ withdrawal in general)
• mining
• reservoirs: large dams that impound deep water reservoirs will change the water pressure deep within ground (weakening strained rock, could trigger eq)

Question 5

seismic gap =

Answer 5

a section of fault that has produced eq in the past but is now quiet