Sepsis, Bacteria and Antibiotics Flashcards
4C Antibiotics
Clindamycin
Cephalosporins
Co-amoxiclav
Ciprofloxacin
Antiobiotic management in ESBL producing coliforms
IV meropenem
Gram Positive Aerobic Cocci
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Gram Positive Aerobic Bacilli: Small
Corynebacterium sp
Gram Positive Anaerobic Bacilli
Clostridium sp
Gram Positive Aerobic Bacilli: Large
Bacillus sp
Staphylococci
- Test to differentiate
Coagulase
Coagulase negative staphylococci
Staph epidermidis
Coagulase positive staphylococci
Staph aureus
Streptococci
- Test to differentiate
Haemolysis
A Haemolytic Streptococci
Strep pneumoniae
Strep viridans
= partial haemolysis
B Haemolytic Streptococci
Group A Strep = strep pyogenes
Group B Strep
Non-haemolytic Streptococci
Enterococcus
Types of corynebacterium (2)
Corynebacterium diphteriae
Diptheroids
Types of clostridium (3)
Cl. tetani
Cl. perfringens
Cl. difficile
Gram Negative Strict Aerobes
Legionella sp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram Negative Aerobic Diplococci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Gram Negative Aerobic Bacilli: Small
Bordatella pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Gram Negative Aerobic Bacilli: Large
Gut commensals
= E.coli, klebsiella, proteus sp
Gut pathogens
= salmonella, shigella, E.coli 0157
Gram negative small curved bacilli
Campylobacter sp
Gram negative spiral curved bacilli
Helicobacter sp
Immunocompromised: association with anti-TNF
M. tuberculosis
Aspergillus (other fungal infections)
Antibiotic groups which act on the cell wall
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbopenems
Glycopeptides
Examples of penicillins
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Strep organisms - antibiotic used
Penicillin
Staph organisms - antibiotic used
Flucloxacillin
Enterococcus - antibiotic used
Amoxicillin
Examples of cephalosporins
Ceftriaxone
Teftriaxone
Cephalosporins are active against
- Gram Negative?
- Gram Positive?
Active against both
- Have a B-lactam ring
Example of glycopeptides
Vancomycin
Use of glycopeptides
Used against C. difficile
Active against gram positive anaerobes
Antibiotic groups which act on protein synthesis
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Examples of macrolides
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Examples of aminoglycosides
Iztreonam
Gentamicin
Dosing of gentamicin
- Exception
7mg/kg
Increase in obese patients
How do you give aminoglycosides?
Can only be given IV
Aminoglycosides are active against
- Gram Negatives?
- Gram Positives?
Gram negatives
Examples of tetracyclines
Doxycycline
Uses of tetracyclines
Acne and rosacea
Tetracyclines are active against
- Gram Negatives?
- Gram Positives?
Broad spectrum - active against both
Antibiotic groups which act on nucleic acid synthesis
Sulphonyamides
(Metronidazole)
Fluoroquinolones
(Rifampicin)
Examples of sulphonamide
Trimethoprim
Action of sulphonamide
- When not to use
Inhibits folic acid synthesis
- Don’t use in the 1st trimester of pregnancy
Activity of sulphonamide
Only really acts against E.coli
When not to use nitrofurantoin?
In the 3rd trimester of pregnancy
When to use metronidazole?
- What organisms active against?
Used in peritonitis
Use against parasites/protozoa/anaerobes
Action of metronidazole
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Examples of fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Action of fluoroquinolones
Inhibits nucleic acid
Action of Rifampicin
- What is it active against?
Inhibits nucleic acid
Active against gram +VE cocci